ΧΥΙΙῃΠ.
ος. * XVIII. 1. Μετὰ ταῦτα εἶδον ἄλλον ἄγγελον καταβαίνοντα ΕςΠ. ix. a5 ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, ἔχοντα ἐξουσίαν μεγάλην ' “Kal ἡ γῆ ἐφωτίσθη "ἐκ yre), A mn - ο τῆς Ὑδόξης αὐτοῦ. 2. καὶ ἔκραξεν ἐν ἴσχυρά φωνῇ λέγων, Ζε]ς. ν xliii. 2, ΄Ἔπεσεν ° ἔπεσε Βαβυλὼν ἡ µεγάλη, ς See viii. ees t A 4 13, Xvi. καὶ ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιµονίων, 11, 21. \ N nN , > d Cf. Acts και φυλακὴ παντος πνευµατος ἀκαθάρτου, ΧΙ]. 7, and on Apoc. καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς " ὀρνέου ἕ ἀκαθάρτου καὶ µεμισηµένου *
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4 = [] > ah» an ig A a , 9 A έ e xiv. 8, Jer. 3. οτι ἐκ του οινου [τοῦ υμου] της πορνειας αυτης π πωκαν
li. 8.
f From Isa. πάντα τὰ €Ovn, x . ς tal A a A aes καὶ ot βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς μετ᾽ αὐτῆς * ἐπόρνευσαν, 5 Ἱ 5 a a 9 a a epics Of καὶ ot ἔμποροι τῆς γῆς ἐκ τῆς ™Suvdpews τοῦ στρήνους. νο αὐτῆς ἐπλούτησαν.᾽ 7 ee. 4. καὶ ἤκουσα ἄλλην φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ λέγουσαν, λεγ. Ν.Τ. («3 en , faye) ars See δα. Εξέλθατε, ὁ "λαός µου, ’ ἐξ αὐτῆς, Chas. οὐ, ἵνα μὴ Ὁ συγκοινωνήσητε ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις αὐτῆς, : η καὶ "ἐκ τῶν πληγῶν αὐτῆς ἵνα μὴ "λάβητε ᾿ A ; a - Lol . 27, lie 7. . OTe ἐκολλήθησαν αὐτῆς at ἁμαρτίαι ἄχρι τοῦ odpavod i Cf. on xiv. 7 μαρ ’ 8. \ 82 / ς Θ 8 XQ a5 , 2 esi. καὶ ᾿ ἐμνημόνευσεν 6 Θεὸς τὰ ἀδικήματα αὐτῆς. Isa. xxiii.
17, cf. Sib. Or. iii. 357f.
26; from Isa. xlviii. 20, Jer. 1. 8, li. 45, etc. sharing her fate. q Cf. 1 Jo. iv. 13. peruenerunt (Bgl.). 5 Xvi. 19.
has been severely censured, as if it breathed a malignant orgy of revenge. ‘It does not matter whether Jewish or Christian materials are the ultimate source. He who takes delight in such fancies is no whit better than he who first invented them” (Wernle, p. 370). So far as this is true, it applies to xix. 17-21 (or 14-20) rather than to xviii. But the criticism must be qualified; see notes on xviii. 7and 20. There is smoke in the flame, but a profound sense of moral indignation and retribution over- powers the mere vindictiveness of an un- patriotic fanatic who exults to see his oppressor humiliated.
CHaPTER XVIII.—1-3: an angelic proclamation of Babylon’s fate (cf. xiv. 8) in terms of Isa. xiii. 10-22, xxxiv. 14 (demons of the desert, the Mazzikin of Jewish demonology, familiar to Baby- lonian magic), Jer. ]. 30, li. 37, Zeph. ii. 15, etc. ‘‘Be of good cheer, O Jeru- salem - . . Miserable are the cities which thy children served, miserable is she who received thy sons. For as she rejoiced at thy fall and was glad at thy ruin, so shall she grieve at her own desolation. Yea I will take away her delight in her great crowds, and her vaunting shall
1 Ezek. xxvii. 9-25. n Acts xviii. 1ο: collect. subst. hence plur. vb. cf. Jo. vi. 22, etc.
m Jos. Ant. iii. 2, 4, = “money, means”. _ © Gen. xix. 14-15, Num. xvi. p By succumbing to her fascinations, and thus
τ Cf. Bar. i. 20. Suggested by Jer. li. 9. Accumulata
turn to mourning. For fire from the
Everlasting shall come upon her for a length of days, and for long shall she be inhabited by demons”’ (Bar. iv. 30-35). ἐκ κ.τ.λ. ‘‘ by (cf. νετ. το) the wealth of her wantonness”’ traders profited; {.ε., by the enormous supplies which the
capital required to satisfy her demands.
(στρῆνος, -ιάω from the New comedy and colloquial usage).—8dfa in ver. 1 denotes the flashing brilliance which, according to the primitive collocation of life and light, accompanied the heavenly visitants to earth or the manifestation of a divine presence (xxi. 11, 23, xxii. 5); see the valuable paragraphs in Grill, pp. 259-271. c
Vv. 4-8. A song of exulting in heaven, addressed first to the faithful (ver. 4) and then (ver. 6) to the enemies who execute God’s vengeance.