§ 7. The Downfall of Heathenism, 67
CHAPTER IT.
THK LITERARY TRIUMPH OP CHRISTIANITY OVER GREEK AND ROMAN HSATHENISM.
Sources and Literature, . 72
§ 8. Heathen Polemics. New Objections, .... .72
§ 9. Julian's Attack upon Christianity, 75
I 10. The Heathen Apologetic Literature, 80
§ 11. Christian Apologetics and Polemics, 81
§ 12. Augustine's City of God. Salvianua, ... , . 89
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER IIL
ALLIANCE OF CHURCH AND STATE, AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PUBLIC U0KAL8 iKD
KELIGION.
FASI
Sources and Literature, 90
§13. The New Position of the Church in the Empire, .... 91
§ 14. Rights and Privileges of the Churclu Secular Advantages, . . 95
§ Ifi. Support of the Clergy 100
§ 16. Episcopal Jurisdiction and Intercession, 102
§17. Legal Sanction of Sunday. The Civil Sabbath, . . . .105
§ 18. Influence of Christianity on Civil Legislation. The Justinian Code, . 107
§19. Elevation of Woman and the Family, HI
§ 20. Social Reforms. The State-Church and Slavery. Care of the Poor
and Unfortunate, . . . . . . . . . .115
§21. Abolition of Gladiatorial Shows, 120
§ 22. Evils of the Union of Church and State. Secularization of the
Church, 125
§ 23. Worldliness and Extravagance, 127
§ 24. Byzantine Court-Christianity, 128
§25. Intrusion of Politics into Religion, 131
§ 26. The Emperor-Papacy and the Hierarciiy, 133
§ 27. Restriction of Religious Freedom, and Persecution of Heretics, . . 138
CHAPTER IV.
MONASTICISM.
Comparison v?ith other Forms of
Bonrces and Literature,
§ 28. Origin of Christian Monasticism
Asceticism, .... § 29. Development of Monasticism, . § 30. Nature and Aim of Monasticism, § 31. Monasticism and the Bible, § 32. Lights and Shades of Monastic Life, g 33. Position of Monks in the Church, § 34. Influence and Effect of Monasticism, § 36. Paul of Thebes and St. Anthony, § 36. Spread of Anchoritism. Hilarion, § 37. Symeon and the Pillar-Saints, . § SB. Pachomius and the Cloister Life, g 39. Fanatical and Heretical Monastic Societies in the East, § 40. Monasticism in the West. Athanasius, Ambrose, Augustine, Martin
of Tours, ^41.
g43.
St. Jerome as Monk,
St. Paula,
St. Benedict of Nursia,
16C
20(1
TABLE OF CONTENTS. XI
PAOI
g 44. The Rule of St. Benedict, , 220
§ 45. The Benedictines. Cassiodonis, . 224
§ 46. Opposition to Monasticism. Jovinian, 226
g 47. Ilelvidius, Vi^antius, and Aeriua 231
CHAPTER V.
THE HIERARCHY AND POLITY OF THE CHURCH.
§48. Schools of the Clergy, 234
§ 49. Clergy and Laity. Elections, 238
§50. Marriage and Celibacy of the Clergy, 242
§ 51. Moral character of the Clergy in general, 250
§ 62. The Lower Clergy, 257
§ 53. The Bishops, 263
§ 54. Organization of the Hierarchy. Country-Bishops, City-Bishops, and
Metropolitans, 267
§ 55. The Patriarchs, 271
§ 56. Synodical Legislation on the Patriarchal Sees, 274
§ 57. The Rival Patriarchs of Old and New Rome, 284
§ 58. The Latin Patriarch, 288
§ 59. Conflicts and Conquests of the Latin Patriarchate, .... 293
§ 60. The Papacy, 299
§61. Opinions of the Fathers, 302
§ 62. Decrees of Councils on Papal Authority, 310
§63. Leo the Great: A. D. 440^61, 314
§ 64. The Papacy from Leo L to Gregory I. : a. d. 461-590, , . .323
§ 65. The Synodical System. Ecumenical Coiuicils, 330
§ 66. List of the Ecumenical Councils, 349
§ 67. Books of Ecclesiastical Law, 853
CHAPTER VL
CHURCH DISCIPLINE AND SCHISMS.
§68. Decline of Discipline, 856
§ 69. The Schism of the Donatists. External History, .... 360
§ 70. Augustine and the Donatists. Their Persecution and Extinction, . 363
§71. Internal History of the Donatist Schism. Dogma of the Church, . 365
§ 72. The Roman Schism of Damasus and Ursinus, 370
g 78. The Meletian Schism at Antioch, 37'J
/chapter vil
PUBLIC WORSHIP AND RELIGIOUS CUSTOMS AND CEREKCKTEK.
g 74. The Revolution in Cultus, 878