§ 146. Character of the Pelagian Controversy, 785
§147. External History of the Pelagian Controversy : a. d. 411-431,. . 790
§ 148. The Pelagian Controversy in Palestine, 794
§ 149. Position of the Koman Church. Condemnation of Pelagianism, . 797 § loO. The Pelagian System: Primitive State and Freedom of Man; tlie
FaU, 802
§ 161. The Pelagian System Continued: Doctrine of Human Ability and
Divine Grace, 809
g 152. The Augustinian System: The Primitive State of Man and Free
WiU, 816
§ 153. The Augustinian System Continued: The Fall and its Consequences, 824 § 154. The Augustinian System Continued; Original Sin and the Origin of
the Soul, 829
g 155. Arguments for the Doctrine of Original Sin and Hereditary Guilt, . 833
§ 156. Answers to Pelagian Objections, . 837
§ 157. Augustine's Doctrine of Picdeeming Grace, 843
§ 158. The Doctrine of Predestination, 850
§ 159. Semi-Pelagianism and Semi-Augustiuianism, 867
§ 160. Victory of Semi-Augustinianism. Council of Orange : a, d. 529, . 866
CHAPTER X
CBDECR FATHERS, AND THEOLOGICAL LITERATURX.
I. — The Greek Fathets.
§161. Easebius of Caesarea,
§ 162. ^The Church Historians after Euseb;
§ 163. Athanasius the Great,
§ 164. Basil the Great,
§ 166. Gre.cory of Nyssa, .
§ 166. Gregory Nazianzen,
§167. Didymus of Alexandria, .
§ 1 68. Cyril of Jerusalem, .
g 169. Epiphanius and the Ilffireseologues,
§ 170, John f^hrysostom, .
§ 171. Cyril w Alexandria,
§ 172 Ephrffim the Syrian,
92<\
TABLE OF CONTENTS. XV
U.— The Latin Fatlizra,
§ 173. Lactantius, 955
§174. Hilary of Poitiers, 959
§ 175. Ambrose, 961
§176. Jerome as a Divine and Scholar, 967
^177. The Works of Jerome, 972
§ 178. Augustine, 988
§179. The Works of Augustine, 1003
§ 180. The Influence of Augustine upon Posterity and his Relation to
Catholicism and Protestantism, 1016
Appendix to the Revised Edition of 1884. Addenda et Corrigenda, 1023
Alphabetical Index to the Third Volume, 1041
THIRD PERIOD.
FEOM OONSTAJ^mTE THE GREAT TO GBEGOEY THE GREAT. A.D. 311—590.
SOURCES.
I. CHRISTIAN SOURCES : (a) The Acts of Councils ; in the Collectionea conciliorum of Hardouin, Par. 1715 sqq. 12 vols. fol. ; Mansi, Flor. et Ven. 1759 sqq. 31 vols, fol.; Fucfis: Bibliothek der Kirchenversammlungen des 4ten und 5ten Jahrh. Leipz. 1780 sqq. ; and Bruns: Biblioth. eccl. vol. i. Canones Apost. et Cone. saec. iv.-vii. Berol. 1839.
(b) The Imperial Laws and Deoeees referring to the church, in the Codex
Theodosianus, collected a.d. 438, the Codex Justinianeus, collected in 529, and the Cod, repetitae praelectionis of 534,
(c) The Official Letters of popes (in the Bullarium Romanuni),
patriarchs, and bishops, fd) The writings of all the Church Fathers from the beginning of the 4th century to the end of the 6th. Especially of Eusebius, Athanasius, Basil, the two Gregories, the two Cyrils, Chrysostom, and Theo- DOEET, of the Greek church ; and Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome, and Leo the Great, of the Latin. Corap, the Benedictine editions of the several Fathers; the Maxima Bibliotheca veterum Patrum, Lngd. 1677 sqq. (in all 27 vols, fol,), vols, iii.-xi. ; Gallandi: Biblioth, vet. Patrum, etc, Ven. 1765 sqq, (14 vols, fol.), vols, iv,-xii,
(d) Contemporary Oiiuroh Historians, (1) of the Greek church: Eusebius
of Caesarea (t about 340) : the ninth and tenth books of his H. E. down to 324, and his biography of Constantine the Great, see § S infra; Socrates Scholastious of Constantinople: Histor. ecclesiast. libri vii, a.d. 306-439; Hermias Sozomen of Constantinople: II. eccl, 1, ix, A.D. 323-423 ; Theodoret, hishop of Gyros in Mesopotamia : H. eccl, 1. v, a,d. 325-429 ; the Arian Philostorgius : H. eccl. 1. xii, A.D, 318-425, extant only in extracts in Photius cod. 40; Theodorus Lector, of Constantinople, epitomizer of Socrates, Sozo-
2 THIRD PERIOD. A.D, 311-590.
men, and Tbeodoret, continuing the latter down to 518, preserved it fragments by Nicepliorus Callistus; Evagrius of Antiocli : H. eccl. 1. vi, A.D. 431-594 ; NiCEi'iioKns Callistds (or Niceph. Callisti), about 1330, author of a church history in 23 books, to a.u. 911 (ed. Fronto Ducaeus, Par. 1630). The historical works of these Greek writers, excepting the last, are also published together under the title : Historiae ecclesiasticae Scriptores, etc., Graec. ct Lat., with notes by H. Valeaivs (and G. Beading), Par. 1659-1673; and Cantabr. 1720, 3 vols. fol. (2) Of the Latin church historians few are important: Rufinus, presb. of Aquileia (t 410), translated Eusebius and continued him in two more books to 395; Sulpicius Skverus, presb. in Gaul: Hist, sacra, 1. ii, from the creation to a.d. 400 ; Paulus Oeositts, presbyter in Spain: Historiarum libri vii. written about 416, extending from the creation to his own time ; Cassiodortts, about 550 : Hist. trii)artita, 1. xii. a mere extract from the works of the Greek church liistorians, but, with the work of Rufinus, the chief source of historicLi knowledge through the whole middle age ; and Jerome (t 419) : De viris illustribus, or Oatalogus scriptorum eccles., written about 392, continued under the same title by Gennadius, about 495, and by IsiDOR of Seville, about 630.
(f) For chronology, the Greek Ilao-xiiAtoc, or Chronicon^ Paschalk (wrongly called Alexandrinmn), primarily a table of the passovers from the beginning of the world to a. d. 354 under Constantius, with later additions down to 628. (Ed. Car. du Fresne Dom. du Cange. Par. 1688, and L. Dindorf, Bonn. 1832, 2 vols.) The Chronicle of Eusebius and Jerome (XpoviKci avyypdfj.iJ.aTaj iravTohanrf iaropiu), containing an outline of universal history down to 325, mainly after the chronography of Julius Africanus, and an extract from the universal chronicle in tabular form down to 379, long extant only in the free Latin translation and continuation of Jerome (ed. Jos. Scaliger. Lugd. Batav. 1606 and later), since 1792 known also in an Armenian translation (ed. J. Bapt. Aucher. Ven. 1818, and Ang. Mai, Script, vet. nov. coll. 1833. Tom. viii). In continuation of the Latin chronicle of Jerome, the chronicle of Prosper of Aquitania, down to 455 ; that of the Spanish bishop Idatius, to 469 ; and that of MARCELUNtrs Comes, to 534. Comp. Chronica medii aevi post Euscb. atque liieron., etc. ed. Roesler, Tub. 1798.
IL HEATHEN" SOURCES: Ammianus Marcellinus (ofFicer under Julian, honest and impartial) : Rerum gestarum libri xiv-xxxi, a.i>. 3^3-378 (the first 13 books are lost), ed. Jac. Gronov. Lugd. Batav. 1693 fol., and J. A. Ernesti, Lips. 1773 and 1835. EnxAPius (philosopher and historian; bitter against the Christian emperors) : XpoiaKi) IvTopla. a.d. 268-405, extant only in fragments, ed. Bokker and Niebuhr, Bonn. 1829. ZosiMcs (court officer under Theodosius IL, likewise biassed): 'iQTopla i/'^a, 1. vi, a.d. 284-410, ed. Oellarius 1679, Eeitemeier 1784.