\ 163. AMALAKIUS. 703
was led into wild and often ridiculous theorizing and allegorizing. Thus the priest's alb signifies the subduing of the passions, his shoes, upright walking ; his cope, good works ; his surplice, readiness to serve his neighbors; his handkerchief, good thoughts, etc.
(3) On the order of the anthems? i. e. in the Roman service. It is a compilation of the antiphones of the Roman and French churches.
(4) Eclogues on the office of the mass,2 meaning again the Ro man mass. This insistence upon the Roman order was directed against Archbishop Agobard of Lyons, who had not only not adopted the Roman order, but had expurgated the liturgy of his church of everything which in his judgment savored of false doctrine or which was undignified in liturgical expression.
(5) Epistles? The first letter, addressed to Jeremiah, arch bishop of Sens, on the question whether one should write Jhcsus or Jesus. The second is Jeremiah's reply, deciding in favor of Jliesus. In the third, Amalarius asks Jonas of Orleans whether one should use I II C or I H S as a contraction of Jesus. Jonas favored I H S. The fourth is on the Eucharist. Rantgarius is his correspondent, Amalarius maintains the Real Presence. He says the first cup at supper signified the Old Tes tament sacrifices, the figure of the true blood, which was in the second cup. The fifth letter is to Hetto, a monk, who had asked whether " seraphiu " or " seraphim " is the correct form. Ama larius replies with learned ignorance that both are correct, for " seraphin " is neuter and " seraphim," masculine ! The sixth is the most important of the series. It is addressed to a certain Guntrad, who had been greatly troubled because Amalarius had spit shortly after having partaken of the Eucharist, and there fore had voided a particle of the body of Christ. Amalarius,
1 Liber de ordine antiphonarii, ibid. col. 1243-1316. 3 Edocjce. de offino muwr, ibid. col. 1315-1332. 3 Epistola, ibid. 1333-1340.
704 FOUETH PERIOD. A.D. 590-1049.
in his reply, says that he had 'so much phlegm in his throat that he was obliged to spit very frequently. He did not believe, however, that God would make that which helped his bodily injure his spiritual health. He then goes on to say that the true honor of the body of Christ is by the inner man, into which it enters as life. Hence if one who inwardly revered the host should accidentally or unavoidably spit out a fragment of the host he must not be judged as thereby dishonoring the body of Christ. He thus touches, without passing judgment upon, the position of the Stercoranists. The last letter is only a fragment and is so different in style from the former that it probably is not by Amalarius of Metz.
§ 164. Einhard.
I. EINHARDTJS: Opera in Migne, Tom. CIV. col. 351-610; and Vita
Caroli in Tom. XCVII. col. 25-62 ; also complete Latin and French ed. by A. TEULET.* GEuvres completes d' Eginhard, reunies pour la pre miere fois et traduites en franqais. Paris, 1840-43, 2 vols. The Annales and Vita of Migne's ed. are reprinted from Pertz's Monumenta Germanice historica (I. 135-189 and II. 433-463, respectively); separate ed. of the Vita, Hannover, 1839. The best edition of the Epistolce and Vita is in PHILIPP JAFFE : Monumenta Carolina, Ber lin, 1867, pp. 437-541 ; and of the Passio Marcettini et Petri is in ERNEST DUMMLER ; Po'etoe Latini CRVI Carolini, Tom. II. (Berlin, 1884), pp. 125-135. TEULET'S translation of Einhard's complete works has been separately issued, Paris, 1856. Einhard's Vita Caroli has been translated into German by J. L. Ideler, Hamburg, 1839, 2 vols. (with very elaborate notes), and by Otto Abel, Berlin, 1850; and into English by W. Glaister, London, 1877, and by Samuel Epes Turner, New York, 1880. Einhard's Annales have been translated by Otto Abel (Einhard's Jahrbiicher}, Berlin, 1850.
II. Cf. the prefaces and notes in the works mentioned above. Also CEIL-
LIER, XII. 352-357. Hist. lit. de la France, IV. 550-567. BAHR, 200-214. EBERT, II. 92-104. Also J. W. CH. STEINER : Geschichte und Beschreibung der Stadt und ehemal Abtei Seligenstadt. Aschaffenburg, 1820.
EINHARD (or EaiNHARD),1 the biographer of Charlemagne
1 The name is variously spelled, but the now common form Eginhard is first found in the twelfth century.