CHAPTER VII.
THE CRUSADES.
"No idle fancy was it when of yore
Pilgrims in countless numbers braved the seas, And legions battled on the farthest shore,
Only to pray at Thy sepulchral bed, Only in pious gratitude to kiss The sacred earth on which Thy feet did tread."
— UHLAND, An den Unsichtbaren,
§ 47. Literature on the Crusades as a Whole.
SOURCES. — First printed collection of writers on the Crusades by JAC. BON- GARS : Gesta Dei (and it might be added, el diaboli) per Francos, sive orientalium expeditionum, etc., 2 vols. Hanover, 1611. Mostly reports of the First Crusade and superseded. — The most complete collection, edited at great expense and in magnificent style, Recueil des Historiens des Croisades publie par VAcademie des Inscriptions et Belles- Lettres, viz. Historiens Occidentaux, 5 vols. Paris, 1841-1895 ; Histt. Orientaux, 4 vols. 1872-1898 ; Histt. Grecs, 2 vols. 1875-1881 ; Documents Armeniens, 1869. The first series contains, in vols. I., II., the Historia rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum of William of Tyre and the free reproduction in French entitled L1 Estoire de Erades Empereur et la Conqueste de la terre d"1 Outremer. Vol. III. contains the Gesta Francorum ; the Historia de Hierolosymitano itinere of PETER TUDEBODUS, Hist. Francorum qui ceperunt Jherusalem of RAYMUND OF AGUILERS or Argiles ; Hist. Jherusolymitana or Gesta Francontm Jherusalem per igrinantium 1095-1127,
Of FULCHER OF ClIARTKES ; Hist. JlieTUSOl. Of ROBERT THE MONK, etc.
Vol. IV. contains Hist. Jherusolem. of BALDRIC OF DOL (Ranke, VIII. 82, speaks highly of Baldric as an authority) ; Gesta Dei per Francos of GUIBERT OF NOGENT ; Hist. Hier. of ALBERT OF AACHEN, etc. Vol. V. contains Ekkehardi Hierosolymita and a number of other documents. — Migne's Latin Patrology gives a number of these authors, e.g., Fulcher and Petrus Tudebodus, vol. 155 ; Guibert, vol. 156 ; Albert of Aachen and Baldric, vol. 166; William of Tyre, vol. 201. — Contemporary Chronicles of ORDERICUS VITALIS, ROGER OF HOVEDEN, ROGER OF WENDOVER, M. PARIS, etc. — Reports of Pilgrimages, e.g., COUNT RIANT :
212 THE MIDDLE AGES. A.D. 1049-1294.
Expeditions ct pelerinages des Scandinaves en Terre Sainte an temps des Croisades, Paris, 1865, 1807 ; R. KOHRICIIT: Die Pilgerfahrten nach d. heil. Lande vor den Kreuzzilgen, 1875 ; Deutsche Pilgerreisen nach dem heil. Lande, new ed. Innsbruck, 1900 ; H. SCHRADER : D. Pilgerfahrten nach.d. heiL Lande im ZeitaltervordenKreuzzugen, Merzig, 1897. — JAFFE : Regesta. — MAXSI : Concilia. — For criticism of the contempo rary writers see SYBEL, Gesch. des ersten Kreuzzugs, 2d ed. 1881, pp. 1-143. — H. PRUTZ (Prof, in Nancy, France) : Quellenbeilrage zur Gesch. der Kreuzzuge , Danzig, 1876. — R. ROHRICHT: Regesta regni Hierosolymitani 1007-1291, Innsbruck, 1904, an analysis of 900 documents. MODERN WORKS. — *FRIEDRICH WILKEN (Libr. and Prof, in Berlin, d. 1840) : Gesch. der Kreuzzuge, 7 vols. Leipzig, 1807-1832. — J. F. MICHAUD: Hist, des croisades, 3 vols. Paris, 1812, 7th ed. 4 vols. 1862. Engl. trans, by W. ROBSOX, 3 vols., London, 1854, New York, 1880. — *R6iiRicnT (teacher in one of the Gymnasia of Berlin, d. 1905 ; he published eight larger works on the Crusades) : Bcitrage zur Gesch. der Kreuzzuge, 2 vols. Berlin, 1874-1878; D. Deutschen im heil. Lande, Innsbruck, 1894 ; Gesch. d. Kreuzzuge, Innsbruck, 1898. — B. KUGLER (Prof, in Tubingen): Gesch. der Kmizzllye, illustrated, Berlin, 1880, 2d ed. 1891. — A. DE LAPORTE : Les croisades et le pays latin de Jerusalem, Paris, 1881. — *PRUTZ : Kulturgesch. der Kreuzzuge, Berlin, 1883. — Ed. HEYCK: Die Kreuzzuge und das heilige Land, Leipzig, 1900. — Histories in English by MILLS, London, 1822, 4th ed. 2 vols. 1828 ; KEIGHTLEY, London. 1847; PROCTOR, London, 1858; EDGAR, London, I860; W. E. DUTTOX, London, 1877 ; G. W. Cox, London, 1878 ; J. I. MOMBERT, New York, 1891 ; *ARCHER AXD KIXGSFORD: Story of the Crus., New York, 1895; J. M. LUDLOW : Age of the Crusades, New York, 1896 ; Art. Kreuzzuge by FUNK in Wetzer-Welte, VII. 1142-1177. — PH. SCHAFF in '-Ref. Quarterly Rev.," 1893, pp. 438-459. — J. L. HAIIX : Ursachen und Folgen der Kreuzziige, Greifswald, 1859. — CHALANDON : Essai sur le regne d' Alexis Comnene, Paris, 1900. — *A. GOTTLOB : D. papstliclyn Kreuzzugs-Steuren d<js 13. Jalirhunderts, Heiligenstadt, 1892. pp. 278 ; Kreuzablass und Almosenablass, Stuttgart, 1906, pp. 314. — Essays on the Crusades by MUXRO, PKUTZ, DIEIIL, Burlington, 1903. — H. C. LEA: Hist, of Auric. Confession and Indulgences, vol. III. — See also *GIBBON, LVIII-LIX ; MILMAX ; GIESEBRECHT : Gesch. d. deutschen Kaiser zeit j RANKE: Weltgesch., VIII. pp. 88-111, 150-161, 223-262,280-307; IX. 93-98 ; FINLAY : Hist, of the Byznt. and Gr. Empires, 1057-14-53 ; HOPF : Gesch. Griechenlands vom Beginn des Mittelalters, etc., Leipzig, 1868 ; BESAXT AND PALMER : Hist, of Jerusalem, London, 1890 ; GUY LE STRANGE : Palestine under the Moslems, London, 1890.
The Poetry of the Crusades is represented chiefly by RAOUL DE CAEN in Gestes de Tancrede ; TORQUATO TASSO, the Homer of the Crusades, in La Jerusalemme liberata ; WALTER SCOTT: Tales of the Crusades, Tal isman, Quentin Diirward, etc. The older literature is given in full by MICHAUD; Bibliographic des Croisades, 2 vols. Paris, 1822, which form vols. VI., VII. of his Histoire des Croisades.