RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Anagnost Anastasius
Communion"; (4) anagogic observations on the six days of creation; (5) a discourse and homilies on the sixth Psalm; (6) two discourses on the creation of man in the image of God; (7) a fragment against Arianism; (8) a list of heresies; (9) "A Short and Clear Exposition of our Faith" ; (10) a treatise on the celebration of Wednesday and Friday; (11) a fragment on blasphemy. The "Argument against the Jews " (M PG, lxxxix. 1208-82) is not earlier than the ninth century; the Antiquorum patrum doctrina de verbi incarnatione (ed. Mai, Nova collectio, vii. 1, 6-73), however, appears to be genuine. G. Kruger.
Bibliography: For the various Eastern writers named Anastasius, consult Fabricius-Harles, Bibliotheca Grceca, x. 571-613, Hamburg, 1807. Their writings are in MPG, lxxxix. and in J. B. Pitra, Juris ecclesiastici Grascorum historia et monumenta, ii. 238-295, Rome, 1868. Also K. Krumbacher, Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur, Munich, 1897. For Anastasius Sinaita: J. B. Kumpfmuller, De Anastasio Sinaita, Wurzburg, 1865; O. Bardenhewer, Des heiligen Hippolytus von Rom Commentar zum Buche Daniel, pp. 13-14, 106-107, Freiburg, 1877; A. C. McGiffert, Dialogue between a Christian and a Jew, 17, 35-37, New York, 1889; A. Papadopoulos-Kerameus, 'AraAt/tTa ktK, i., pp. 400-404, St. Petersburg, 1891; D. Serruys, Anastasiana, in Melanges d'archeologie et d'histoire, xxii. 157-207, Rome, 1902.
ANASTASIUS, an"as-te'shi-us or zhus: The name of four popes and one antipope.
Anastasius I.: Pope 398-401. According to the Liber pontificalis. (ed. Duchesne, i. 218-219), he was a Roman by birth, was elected near the end of November or early in December, 398, and was pontiff three years and ten days. He is principally known for the part he took in the controversy over the teaching of Origen. He showed himself also a rigid upholder of the orthodox position against the Donatists. At the synod held in Carthage Sept. 13, 401, a letter was read from him exhorting the African bishops to expose the misrepresentations of the Donatists against the Church, and practically to hand them over to the secular arm. His letters and decrees are in MPL, xx. 51-80. See Origenistic Controversies. (A. Hatjck.)
Bibliography: Liber pontificalis, ed. Duchesne, i. 218 sqq., Paris, 1886; Bower, Popes, i. 126-131; B. Jungmann, Dissertationes selectee, ii. 205-206, Regensburg, 1881; J. Langen, Geschichte der romischen Kirche bis Leo I., pp. 653 sqq., Bonn, 1881.
Anastasius II.: Pope 496-498. According to the Liber pontificalis (ed. Duchesne, i. 258-259), he was a Roman by birth. He was consecrated apparently on Nov. 24, 496. His pontificate fell within the period of the schism between the East and West, which lasted from 484 to 519, as a consequence of the sentence of excommunication pronounced by Pope Felix II. against Acacius, patriarch of Constantinople. Anastasius endeavored to restore communion with Constantinople, sending two bishops immediately after his consecration with a letter to the Eastern emperor offering to recognize the orders conferred by Acacius (who was now dead), at the same time asserting the justice of his condemnation. The Liber pontificalis (I.e.) relates that upon the arrival in Rome of the deacon ^hotinus of Thessalonica, Anastasius communicated with him, though he maintained the orthodoxy of
Acacius and was thus, according to the Roman view, a heretic. This seems to have aroused opposition among the Roman clergy, and a suspicion arose that the pope intended to reverse the decision against Acacius. In the Decretum of Gratian he is said to have been " repudiated by the Roman Church " (MPL, clxxxvii. Ill), and hence ecclesiastical writers as late as the sixteenth century usually regard him as a heretic. The baptism of Clovis, king of the Franks, fell at the beginning of his pontificate, but the letter of congratulation which the pope is supposed to have written to him is a forgery. He died in November, 498.
(A. Hatjck.)
Bibliography: Liber pontificalis, ed. Duchesne, i. 258 sqq., Paris, 1886; Bower, Popes, i. 291-296; R. Baxmann, Die Politik der Papste von Gregor I. bis auf Gregor VII., i. 20 sqq., Elberfeld, 1868; J. Havet, Questions Merovingiennes, Paris, 1885; J. Langen, Geschichte der romischen Kirche bis Nicholas I., pp. 214 sqq., Bonn, 1885.
Anastasius III.: Pope 911-913. He was a Roman by birth. His pontificate fell in the period during which Rome and its Church were under the domination of the noble factions, and consequently little is known of his acts. Nicholas, patriarch of Constantinople, protested to him against the toleration by the legates of his predecessor, Sergius III., of the fourth marriage of the Eastern emperor, Leo VI. Before Anastasius could answer this letter, he died, probably in August, 913. Two privileges ascribed to him, one genuine, one spurious, are in MPL, exxxi.
(A. Hauck.)
Bibliography: Liber pontificalis, ed. Duchesne, ii. 239, Paris, 1892; Bower, Popes, ii. 307-308; R. Baxmann, Die Politik der Papste, ii. 82, Elberfeld, 1868.
Anastasius IV. (Conrad of Suburra): Pope 1153-54. He had been a canon regular and abbot of St. Rufus in the diocese of Orleans, and was made cardinal-bishop of Sabina by Honorius II. After the contested election of 1130, he had taken his stand as one of the most determined opponents of Anacletus II. He remained in Rome as the vicar of Innocent II. when the latter fled to France, and on the death of Eugenius III. (July 5, 1153), was elected to succeed him. In his short reign he ended the controversy with Frederick Barbarossa over the title to the archiepiscopal see of Magdeburg, recognizing Wichmann of Naumburg, which Eugenius III. had refused to do. The decision was looked upon in Germany as a victory for the emperor. Another long-standing dispute in England was terminated by Anastasius 's final recognition of Archbishop William of York, who had been rejected by Innocent II. and Celestine II., had been confirmed by Lucius II., and had again been deposed by Eugenius III. He died Dec. 3, 1154, and was succeeded on the following day by the English cardinal Nicholas Breakspear as Adrian IV His letters and privileges are in MPL, clxxxviii. (A. Hauck.)
Bibliography: Liber pontificalis, ed. Duchesne, ii. 281, 388, 449, Paris, 1892; Bower, Popes, ii. 485-487; A. von Reumont, Geschichte der Stadt Bom, ii. 442, 3 vols , Berlin, 1867-70; Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, v. 537; J. Langen, Geschichte der romischen Kirche von Gregor VII. bis Innocenz III., p. 414, Bonn, 1893.
Anastasius Ancillon