THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
he was elected vice-president four years later. His chief works, in addit on to numerous contributions to scientific periodicals and various encyclopedias, are Nizdmi's Leben und Werke, und der zweite Theil des Niz&mi'schen Alexanderbuches (Leipsic, 1871); Muslicheddin Sa'adt's Aphorismen und Sinngedichte, sum ersten Male herausgegeben vnd ubersetzt (Stra^burg, 1879); Die Agada der babylonischen Amoraer (1S78); Die Agada der Tannaiten (2 vols., 1884-90); Leben und Werke des Abulwalid Merwdn ibn Ganah und die Quellen seiner Schrifterkldrung (1885); Die Agada der paldstinischen Amoraer (3 vols., 1892-99); Die hebrdische Sprachwissenschaft vom zehnten bis zum sechzehnten J ahrhundert (Treves, 1S92); Die Bibelexegese der jiidischen Religionsphilosophen des Mittelalters vor Maimuni (Strasburg, 1892); Die Anf tinge der hebrdischen Grammatik (1895); Die Bibelexegese Maimuni's (1896); Die dlteste Terminologie der jiidischen Schriftauslegung (2 vols., 1899-1905); Ein hebrdisch-persisches Worterbuch aus dem vierzehnten J ahrhundert (1900); and Aus dem Worterbuch Tanchum Jeruschalmi's (1903). In 1884 he and Joseph Banoczi founded the Magyar Zsidd Szemle, which they edited for seven years, and which is still the only Jewish review in Hungary.
BACHIARIUS, bak-i-a'ri-TTs: An author, presumably a monk (cf . Gennadius of Marseilles, Script, eccl., xxiv), to whom are ascribed two writings: (1) a Liber de fide, in which he defends his orthodoxy against attacks, probably of the Priscillianists (cf. Priscillian, ed. G. Schepss, CSEL, xviii, 1889, index, p. 167); and (2) a Liber de reparatione lapsi ad Januarium, in which he takes the part of a monk whose offenses against morality had been treated with extreme rigor by his abbot.
G. Kruger. Bibliography: The works are in MPL, xx. Consult Fessler-Jungmann, Institutiones patrologiw, vol. ii, part 1, 418— 427 Innsbruck, 1892; S. Berger, Histoire de la Vulgate, p. 28, Nancy, 1893; G. L. Hahn, Bibliothek der Symbole, § 208, Leipsic, 1897; F. Kattenbusch, Das apostolische Symbol, i — ii, passim, Leipsic, 1894-1900.
BACHMANN, baH'man (GEORG), PHILIPP: German Protestant; b. at Geislingen (34 m. s.e. of Stuttgart) Oct. 13, 1864. He was educated at the University of Erlangen (Ph.D., 1887) and the seminary for preachers at Munich (1888). He was a lecturer at Erlangen in 1888-90, and pastor at Urfersheim in 1890-92, after which he was a teacher of religion at Nuremberg until 1902, when he was appointed professor of systematic theology at Erlangen. He has written Die personliche Heilserfahrung (Leipsic, 1889); Die augsburgische Confession (1900); Sittenlehre Jesu (1904); and Kommentar zu I Korinther (1905).
BACHMANN, JOHANNES FRANZ JULIUS:
Lutheran; b. at Berlin Feb. 24, 1832; d. at Rostock Apr. 12, 1888. He studied at Halle and Berlin, became privat-docent at Berlin, 1856, ordinary professor of theology at Rostock, 1858, also university preacher, 1874. In his student days Tholuck and Hengstenberg attracted him most, and it was in large measure the learning, ingenuity, and firmness of the latter in defending tradition which influenced Bachmann to devote
himself especially to the investigation of the Old Testament. His theological position may be thus characterized: The conception of prophecy seemed to him determined by the mode of its fulfilment; for this reason he believed that the spiritual, not the literal, exposition of the Old Testament should be followed. Nevertheless, he tried to avoid the one-sided spiritualism which Hengstenberg espoused in his earlier works. His scholarship in his chosen field is evident in two works, Die Festgesetze des Pentateuchs aufs neue kritisch untersucht (Berlin, 1858), in which he endeavors to prove, against Hupfeld, the harmonious unity of the festival laws of the Pentateuch; and in his unfinished commentary on the Book of Judges (Berlin, 1868), upon which he had spent years of labor. Of this work George F. Moore remarks {Commentary on Judges, New York, 1895, 1): " By far the fullest recent commentary on Judges is that of J. Bachmann, which was unfortunately never carried beyond the fifth chapter. The author's standpoint is that of Hengstenberg, and he is a stanch opponent of modern criticism of every shade and school; but in range and accuracy of scholarship, and exhaustive thoroughness of treatment, his volume stands without a rival." Bachmann also wrote with reverence and learning a biography of his teacher Hengstenberg (2 vols., Gutersloh, 1876-80).
E. Konig.
Bibliography: H. Behm, Johannes Bachmann, Rostock, 1888 (by his son-in-law).
BACILIERI, ba"chi-li-e'ri, BARTOLOMEO:
Cardinal-priest; b. at Breonio (near Verona), Italy, Mar. 28, 1842. He was educated at Verona and the Collegio Capranica, Rome, and after long service in the priesthood, was consecrated titular bishop of Nyssa in 1888, at the same time being appointed bishop coadjutor of Verona. Three years later he became bishop of the latter see, and in 1901 was created cardinal-priest of San Bartolomeo allTsola. He is a member of the congregations of the Index and of Indulgences and Relics.
BACON, BENJAMIN WISNER: Congregationalist; b. at Litchfield, Conn., Jan. 15, 1860. He was graduated at Yale in 1881 and the Yale Divinity School 1884, and held successive Congregational pastorates at Old Lyme, Conn. (1SS4- 89), and Oswego, N. Y. (1889-96). In 1896 he became instructor in New Testament Greek in the Yale Divinity School, and in 1897 Buckingham professor of New Testament criticism and interpretation. In addition to numerous briefer contributions and a translation of Wildeboer's Het Ontstaan van den Kanon des Ouden Verbonds (Groningen, 1889) under the title The Origin of the Canon of the Old Testament (London, 1895), he has written The Genesis of Genesis (Hartford, 1891); Triple Tradition of the Exodus (1894); Introduction to the New Testament (New York, 1900); The Sermon on the Mount (1902); and The Story of St. Paid (Boston, 1905).
BACON, FRANCIS: English philosopher and statesman; b. in London Jan. 22, 1561, son of Sir Nicholas Bacon (b. 1509; d. 1579), Lord Keeper