THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
of the Liber de miraculis beati Andrew apostoli, in MGH, Script, rer. Merov., i (1SS5), N21-840, the Acts of Thomas (Leipsic, 1883) and of Andrew (1S95), and the Acta apostolorum apocrypha (1891 sqq.; in collaboration with R. A. Lipsius).
BONNET, JULES: French Protestant layman; b. at Ximes (40 m. n.e. of Montpellier) June 30, 1S20; d. there Mar. 2::. 1892. He was educated as a lawyer, but became a prolessor in the University of France and gained recognition by his works on the history of the Reformation. He was also secretary of theSocieted'Histoiredu Protestantisme Francais and editor of its publications. Among his works special mention may be made of the following: Olympia Morata, episode de la renaissance en Italie (Paris, 1850; Eng. transl., Edinburgh, 1852); Lettres francaises de Calvin (2 vols., 1854; Eng. transl., 4 vols., Edinburgh, 1855-57); Calvin au val d'Aoste (1861); Aonio Paleario, etude sur la reforme en Italie (1863; Eng. transl., London, 1864); Recits du seizieme ■siecle (1864); Nouicaux recits du seizieme siecle (1869 1 : La Reforme au chateau de Saint Privat (1873); Notice sur la vie et les ecrits de M. Merle d'Aubigne (1874); Derniers recits du seizieme siecle (1875); Quelques souvenirs sur Augustin Thierry (1877); Famille de Curione, recit du seizieme siecle (Basel, 1878); Histoire des souff ranees du bienheureux martyr Louis de Marolles (Paris, 1882); Souvenirs de 1'Eglise reformee de la Calmette (1884); and .Recite du seizieme siecle, troisieme sirie (1885). He also edited the Memoir es de la vie de Jean de Parthenay- Larchevtque, sieur de Soubise (Paris, 1879), while his own letters from 1851 to 1863 have been edited by E. de Bude (Geneva, 1898).
BONNIVARD, ben"ni"var', FRANC OIS DE: The
"Prisoner of Chillon"; b. at Seyssel on the Rhone f21 m. s.w. of Geneva) c. 1493; d. at Geneva 1570. As a younger son he entered the Church and became prior of St. Victor near Geneva; certain other benefices to which he thought he was entitled he failed to receive through the intrigues of Charles III, duke of Savoy; in consequence he joined the party of the young Genevan patriots who were resisting tlie duke's attempts to gain control of the city When the duke entered Geneva in 1519, Bonnivard Hed, but fell into the hands of the duke, and was ■imprisoned for twenty months. On May 26, 1530 he was arrested near Lausanne, taken to the castle of Chillon at the east end of Lake Geneva, and kept there for six years. It is this imprisonment which Byron has immortalized in verse more musical than truthful. The first two years were tolerable; but after a visit from the duke in 1532 he was put in the dungeon now shown to visitors. It is only a local tradition that he was chained to a pillar. In the spring of 1536 the Bernese took the castle and freed Bonnivard. During his incarceration the priory and church of St. Victor had been razed and the income of the estates applied to the city hospital. As indemnification he was pensioned and given a liberal sum to pay his del its. He adopted the Reformation and married four times, but no time happily. He made the city of Geneva Lis heir on condition that it should pay his debts;
but his estate consisted only of certain books which formed the beginning of the city library. Bonnivard's literary activity was the chief reason for the forbearance which his contemporaries showed him; his career was somewhat wavering, time-serving, and dishonorable. In 1517 he was entitled " poetlaureate," and after his liberation he was commissioned by the magistracy to write a history of the republic of Geneva. This work, Les Chroniqucs de Geneve (published at Geneva, 2 vols., 1831), ends with 1551, is full of anecdotes and interesting, but unreliable. Other works which have been published are: Advis et devis des langues (Geneva, 1849); Advis et devis de la source de I'idolatrie et tyrannie papale (1856); De I'ancienne et nouvelle police de Geneve (1865).
Bibliography: J. J. Chaponniere, Memoire sur Bonnivard, Geneva, 1846; F. Gribble, Lake Geneva and its Literary Landmarks, London, 1901.
BONNUS, HERMANNUS (Hermann Gude?): German Reformer; b. at Quackenbriick, in Osnabruck, 1504; d. at Lubeck Feb. 12, 1548. He was educated apparently first at Miinster, then in Bugenhagen's school at Treptow, but certainly entered the University of Wittenberg in 1523, coming under the influence of Luther and Melanchthon. In 1525, probably, he migrated to Greifswald, and about two years later went to Gottorp to act as tutor to the six-year-old son of Frederick I of Denmark. Thence he was called to Lubeck in 1530, and (on Bugenhagen's oganization of the Evangelical Church there) made superintendent in the following February. Here he remained until his death, in spite of calls to Hamburg in 1 532 and to Liineburg in 1534. He represented his town in the conference of the six free cities of Lubeck, Bremen, Hamburg, Rostock, Stralsund, and Liineburg, held at Hamburg in 1535 to concert measures for dealing with Papists, Anabaptists, and Sacramentarians. In 1543 he visited Osnabriick to take part in the establishment of a Reformed system and liturgy which received the approval of the bishop, Franz von Waldeck, and was later extended to the whole diocese. The attempt to carry it into that of Miinster was forcibly resisted by the chapter, but met with partial success in the country districts. His influence was extended by his Low German catechism (1539) and by his services to the hymnody of this dialect. He certainly edited and revised several collections of both German and Latin hymns, and probably contributed some of his own. He took a courageous part against the democratic revolution in Liibeck under Wullenweber, and in his Chronika der kaiscrlichcn Stadt Liibeck (1539) pointed out the dangers of innovating tendencies. After the formal adoption of the Augsburg Confession in 1535, he contended successfully against the efforts of the Roman Catholic party to regain control and against the propaganda of the Anabaptists. His office required him to expound the Scriptures, and his discourses on the Acts and on the liturgical epistles for the Sundays were published. In aecordai. e with the Hamburg decisions, which had required preachers to dwell upon the examples of the saints, he published in 1539 a compilation of hagiographical