RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Bonosus Bora
1887 to 1896. In the latter year his connection with the Salvation Army ceased, however, and he established a similar though not identical organization known as the Volunteers of America (q.v.), of which he has since been the head. He was ordained at Chicago in August, 1896, a presbyter in the Christian Church.
BOOTH, CATHERINE (MUMFORD): "Mother of the Salvation Army"; b. at Ashbourne (13 m. n.w. of Derby), Derbyshire, England, Jan. 17, 1829; d. at Clacton-on-Sea (13 m. s.e. of Colchester), Essex, Oct. 4, 1890. She was educated chiefly at home, and in 1844 removed with her parents to London. In the same year she joined the Wesleyan congregation at Brixton, but four years later was debarred from that organization, together with others. These " Reformers," as they called themselves, then formed a separate congregation, and in 1851 she became acquainted with her future husband, William Booth (q.v.), likewise an excommunicated " Reformer." Four years later they were married, and in 1858 she first took public part in her husband's pastoral work at Gateshead, Durham, where he was then located. Two years later, after the publication of a pamphlet defending the right of women to preach, she delivered her first sermon in her husband's pulpit, and within the next three years began to conduct independent religious meetings, leading successful missions at Margate in 1867 and at Portsmouth in 1873. Meanwhile the plan which resulted in the formation of the Salvation Army (q.v.) was maturing, and the new organization was definitely formulated in 1877. Mrs. Booth herself took an active part in the work, especially among women and children. Her greatest work as a revivalist was done in 1886-87, but in the following year she was stricken with cancer, which ultimately caused her death. She wrote Papers on Practical Religion (London, 1879); Papers on Aggressive Christianity (1881); Papers on Godliness (1882); Life and Death (1883); The Salvation Army in Relation to the Church and State (1883); and Popular Christianity (1887).
Bibliography: F. St. G. de L. Booth Tucker, The Life of Catherine Booth, 2 vols., London and Chicago, 1892; J. Chap- P?\\,\ Four Noble Women and their Work, ib. 1898.
BOOTH, WILLIAM: Commander-in-chief of the Salvation Army; b. at Nottingham, England, Apr. 10, 1829. He was educated by a private theological tutor of the Methodist New Connexion Church, and began his career as an open air preacher at the age of fifteen. He entered the ministry of the Methodist New Connexion Church in 1852, and was successively a traveling evangelist and a circuit preacher until 1861, when he left the denomination to devote himself entirely to evangelistic work. In 1865 he founded at London the Christian Mission for the amelioration of the condition of the destitute and vicious population of the eastern portion of London, and this developed, "* 1878, into the Salvation Army (q.v.). He has traveled extensively in the interests of his Army, «id has written Salvation Soldiery (1890); In Darkest England and the Way Out (1890); and Religion W Every Day (1902).
Bibliography: F. St. G. de L. Booth Tucker, Life of General William Booth, Chicago, 1898; T. F. G. Coates, The Prophet of the Poor; the Life Story of General Booth, London, 1905.
BOOTH TUCKER, EMMA MOSS: Salvation Army worker; b. at Gateshead, Durham, Jan. 8, 1860; d. near Dean Lake, Mo., Oct. 28, 1903. She was the daughter of William Booth (q.v.), the founder of the Salvation Army, and from 1880 to 1888 was in charge of the international training homes of that organization. In the latter year she married Frederick St. George de Lautour Tucker (see the following article), and went with him successively to India and London, whence she came to the United States in 1896. She held the rank of consul in the Salvation Army, and had equal powers with her husband in its control. She died from injuries received in a railroad accident. A volume of selections from her writings has been published under the title The Cross and Our Comfort (London, 1907).
BOOTH TUCKER, FREDERICK ST. GEORGE DE LAUTOUR: Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the Salvation Army; b. at Monghyr (80 m. e. of Patna), Bengal, Mar. 21, 1853. He was educated at Cheltenham College, England, and passed the examinations for the India Civil Service in 1874. After two years of additional study, he was appointed to the Punjab, where he was successively assistant commissioner and treasury officer. He resigned from the service, however, in 1881 to join the Salvation Army, which he established in India in the following year. He remained in command of the Army there until 1891, when he was transferred to London as secretary for international work. He held this office for five years, and from 1896 to 1904 was commander of the Army in the United States. Since the latter year he has been Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the Salvation Army, with headquarters in London, and is thus responsible to General William Booth (q.v.) for all work of the organization outside of the British Isles. In 1888 he married the daughter of Gen. William Booth (see the preceding article) and subsequently assumed the name of Booth Tucker. He has written In Darkest India and the Way Out (Bombay, 1891); The Life of Catherine Booth (2 vols., Chicago, 1892); Life of General William Booth (1898); and Favorite Songs of the Salvation Army (1899).
BOOTHS, FEAST OF. See Tabernacles, Feast of.
BORA, KATHARINA VON: Luther's wife; b. of an old family of Klein-Laussig, near Bitterfeld in Meissen, Jan. 29, 1499; d. at Torgau Dec. 20, 1552. She was placed in the Cistercian convent of Nimpsch at Grimma (17 m. s.e. of Leipsic) when a child and became a nun in 1515; with the cognizance of Luther she and eight other nuns fled from the convent Apr. 4, 1523, and repaired to Wittenberg. She is said to have refused an offer of marriage from Dr. Kaspar Glatz, vicar at Orlamunde, and at the same time to have expressed a preference for Amsdorf or Luther. She was married to the latter June 13, 1525, and bore him six children. She proved a true wife, was a good housekeeper and the marriage was a happy one. After Luther a
Borborites Borowski