RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Bossuet Bouquet
his pastorate at Bourg-de-Four and founded a new congregation at Carouge near Geneva, which he dissolved after two years in favor of a more diversified activity, establishing the religious and political magazine L'Esperance in 1838. Two years later he successfully sought readmission to the clergy of Geneva, without retracting any of his views. After a brief pastorate at Asnieres and Bourges in France, he was appointed chaplain of the prison of the Maison Cent rale at Melun, where he remained until 1848, then living successively at Geneva, Nimes, Neuchatel, Jersey, and Paris, and spending his last years at La Force . The chief works of Bost, who also gained a certain amount of reputation as a writer of hymns, are as follows: Geneve religieuse (Geneva, 1819); Histoire des freres moraves (2 vols., 1831; abridged Eng. transl., London, 1834); Sur la primaute de Pierre et son Episcopat (3 pamphlets, 1832); Histoire generate de V etablissement du Christianisme (a revised translation of Blumhardt's Versuch einer allgemeinen Missionsgeschichte der Kirche Christi, 4 vols., Valence, 1838); Les prophetes protestants (Melun, 1847); and Memoir es pouvant servir a I'histoire du reveil religieux (Paris, 1854—55).
(E. BAKDEf.)
Bibliography: E. Guers, Premier reveil a Geneve, Paris, 1871; Lichtenberger, ESR, ii, 373-374.
BOSTON, THOMAS: Church of Scotland; b. at Dunse (13 m. w. of Berwick-upon-Tweed), Berwickshire, Mar. 17, 1677; d. at Ettrick (40 m. s. of Edinburgh), Selkirkshire, May 20, 1732. He studied at the University of Edinburgh; became minister at Simprin, Berwickshire, 1699; at Ettrick, 1707 By circulating the Marrow of Modern Divinity among his friends he started the Marrow Controversy (q.v.). He wrote much and has exercised great influence in the Presbyterian Churches both of Scotland and England. The works by which he is now best known are Human Nature in its Fourfold State of Primitive Integrity, Entire Depravation, Begun Recovery, and Consummate Happiness or Misery (Edinburgh, 1720), commonly called " Boston's Fourfold State "; The Sovereignty and Wisdom of God Displayed in the Afflictions of Men (1737; reprinted as The Crook in the Lot, with memoir, Glasgow, 1863). He left an autobiography published as Memoirs (Edinburgh, 1776; ed. G. H. Morrison, 1899), and printed from Boston's manuscript, with introduction, notes, and bibliography by G. L. Low, under the title General Account of my Life (Edinburgh, 1907). His Whole Works edited by S. McMillan were published in twelve volumes at Aberdeen in 1848-52.
Bibliography: Besides the autobiography mentioned above, consult: A. a Wood, Athence Oxonienses, ed. P. Bliss, iii, 407-409, 4 vols., Oxford, London, 1813-20; Jean L. Watson, Life and Times of Thomas Boston, Edinburgh, 1883; A. Thomson, Thomas Boston, London, 1895; DNB, v, 424-426.
B0TT0ME, MARGARET (McDONALD): Founder of the King's Daughters; b. in New York City Dec. 29, 1827; d. there Nov. 14, 1906. She was educated at a private school in Brooklyn, and in 1850 married the Rev. Frank Bottome. She had already become interested in religious and philanthropic work, and in 1876 began to give
Bible talks in the homes of prominent New York women, continuing them for twenty-five years. In 1886 she organized the order of King's Daughters, basing her system on Edward Everett Hale's Ten Times One is Ten. In the following year the society was enlarged to include men, and the name was changed to the present International Order of the King's Daughters and Sons. In 1896 she was elected president of the women's branch of the International Medical Mission. She was also an associate editor of the The Ladies' Home Journal, and in addition to a few pamphlets and a large number of contributions to religious magazines wrote The Guest Chamber (New York, 1893); Crumbs from the King's Table (1894); and A Sunshine Trip to the Orient (1897).
BOUDINOT, bu"di"no', ELIAS: American man of affairs and philanthropist; b. at Philadelphia May 2, 1740; d. at Burlington, N. J., Oct. 24, 1821. He was a lawyer and eminent in his profession; represented New Jersey in the Continental Congress 1778-79 and 1781-84, was chosen president in 1782, and, as such, signed the treaty of peace with Great Britain; he was member of the first three national congresses, and director of the United States mint 1795-1805. He was a member of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions- (1812-21), and first president of the American Bible Society (1816-21). He was wealthy and gave liberally for philanthropic purposes during his life and in his will. He wrote The Age of Revelation ; or the age of reason shown to be an age of infidelity (Philadelphia, 1801), in reply to Thomas Paine; The Second Advent or Coming of the Messiah in Glory shown to be a scriptural doctrine and taught by divine revelation (Trenton, N. J., 1815); and A Star in the West ; or a humble attempt to discover the long lost tribes of Israel (1816), in which he advocated the view that the American Indians are the ten lost tribes. He also published anonymously in the Evangelical Intelligencer for 1806 a memoir of William Tennent (reprinted New York, 1847). His Journal or Historical Recollections of American Events during the Revolutionary War was printed at Philadelphia in 1894.
Bibliography: The Life, Public Services, Addresses, and Letters of Elias Boudinot, edited by Jane J. Boudinot, 2 vols., Boston, 1896.
BOUHOURS, bu"hur', DOMINIQUE: Jesuit; b. in Paris May 15, 1628; d. there May 27, 1702. He entered the Society of Jesus at sixteen, and acquired such renown as a teacher that the young Longueville princes and the son of Colbert were put under his care. Besides a number of biographical and other works, he made (with two other Jesuits, Tellier and Bernier) a translation of the New Testament from the Vulgate into French (Paris, 1697- 1703).
BOUQUET, bu"ke', MARTIN: Benedictine of St. Maur; b. at Amiens Aug. 6, 1685, d. in Paris Apr. 6, 1754. He entered the Benedictine order at St. Faron, Meaux, in 1706, and was ordained priest. His knowledge of Hebrew and Greek secured his appointment as special assistant to Montfaucon in his editorial labors. When the
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