THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Dartmouth, 1777; ordained minister at Thetford, 1779, and spent his life there, laboring for the spiritual, social, and material welfare of the community in the way of the old-fashioned New England clergyman. It is said that he trained sixty young men for the ministry. He published Essays on Some of the First Principles of Metaphysics, Ethics, and Theology (Portland, Me., 1824).
Bibliography: A Memoir by Thomas Adams was printed in The American Quarterly Register, x. 321-341, Boston,
1S3S.
BURTON, EDWARD: Church of England patristic scholar and church historian; b. at Shrewsbury Feb. 13, 1794; d. at Ewelme (10 m. s.e. of Oxford) Jan. 19, 1836. He studied at Christ Church, Oxford (B.A., 1815; M.A., 1818; D.D., 1329); became curate of Pettenhall, Staffordshire, 1515; went to the Continent in 1818 and worked in the libraries of France and Italy; took up his residence at Oxford 1S24, and in 1829 became regius professor of divinity. Among the more important of his works are : Testimonies of the Ante- Xicene Fathers to the Divinity of Christ (Oxford, 1S26); Inquiry into the Heresies of the Apostolic Age (Bampton lectures, 1829); The Greek Testament with English Notes (2 vols., 1831); Testimonies of the Ante-Nicene Fathers to the Doctrine of the Trinity and of the Divinity of the Holy Ghost (1831); Lectures on the Ecclesiastical History of the First Three Centuries (2 vols., 1831-33). His edition of the Historia ecclesiastica of Eusebius appeared after his death (text, 1838; again 1856 and 1872; notes by Heinichen, Leipsic, 1840).
Bibliography: His collected works, with memoir, were published at Oxford in 5 vols., 1846.
BURTON, ERNEST DE WITT: Baptist; b. at Granville, O., Feb. 4, 185J3. He was educated at Denison University, Granville, O. (B.A., 1876), and Rochester Theological Seminary (1882), and also studied at the universities of Leipsic (1887) and Berlin (1894). He was an instructor in Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, Mich., in 1876-77, and a teacher in the public schools of Xenia and Norwood, O., in 1877-79. In 1882 he was appointed instructor in New Testament Greek in Rochester Theological Seminary, but in the following year was called to Newton Theological Institution as associate professor of New Testament interpretation, and was full professor there from 1886 to 1892. In the latter year he went to the University of Chicago as professor of New Testament literature and interpretation, and head of the department of Biblical and patristic Greek, a position which he still holds. He has been a member of the Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis since 1883 and of the Chicago Society of Biblical Research since 1892. In theology and Biblical criticism his attitude is that of a conservative progressive. He has been associate editor of the Biblical World since 1892 and of the American Journal of Theology since 1 897 He has also written : Syntax of the Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek (Chicago, 1893); Harmony of the Gospels for Historical Study (New York, 1894; in collaboration with W. A. Stevens); Handbook of the Life of Christ (1S94; in collaboration with W. A. Ste-
vens); Records and Letters of the Apostolic Age (1895) ; Handbook of the Life of Paul (Chicago, 1899); Constructive Studies in the Life of Christ (1901; in collaboration with S. Mathews); Principles and Ideals of the Sunday School (1903; in collaboration with S. Mathews); Short Introduction to the Gospels (1904); Studies in the Gospel of Mark (1904); and Some Principles of Literary Criticism and their Application to the Synoptic Problem (1904).
BURTON, LEWIS WILLIAM : Protestant Episcopal bishop of Lexington, Ky.; b. at Cleveland, O., Nov. 9, 1852. He was educated at Kenyon College, Gambier, O. (B.A., 1873), and at the Divinity School of the Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia, from which he was graduated in 1877. He was ordered deacon in 1877 and was priested in 1878. He was successively curate and rector of All Saints', Cleveland, 1877-80, of St. Mark's, Cleveland, 1881-84, rector of St. John's, Richmond, Va., 1884-93, and rector of St. Andrew's, Louisville, Ky., 1893-96. In 1896 he was consecrated bishop of Lexington. While in Virginia, he was an examining chaplain to the bishop of that diocese. He is now a trustee of Kenyon College and of the University of the South, as well as a member of the Joint Commission of the General Convention on Christian Education. In theology he belongs to the conservative school. His publications include sermons, charges, contributions to periodicals, and the section on the annals of Henrico Parish, Va., in J. S. Moore's Virginiana (Richmond, 1904).
BURTON, ROBERT: Author of the Anatomy of Melancholy ; b. at Lindley (20 m. e.n.e. ol Birmingham), Leicestershire, Feb. 8, 1577; d. at Oxford Jan. 25, 1640. He studied at Brasenose and Cnrist Church, Oxford (B.D., 1614); became vicar of St. Thomas, in the west suburbs of Oxford, 1616, and in addition, about 1630, rector of Segrave, Leicestershire. His life was spent among his books at Oxford; Anthony Wood, a generation after his death, describes him as a good mathematician, a philologist, and astrologer, a hard student and well-read scholar, considered by some melancholy and morose, but by those who knew him better esteemed for honesty and charity, and as a merry and genial companion. His famous work (Oxford, 1621), which is a vast collection of quotations and allusions, abundantly proves his learning. Five editions appeared during Burton's life, each with many alterations and additions and a sixth was printed from his annotated manuscript (1651-52). The edition of 1800 contains an account of the author. There is a modern edition by A. R. Shilleto, with introduction by A. H. Bullen (London, 1893). The Philosophaster is a Latin comedy written in 1606 and acted at Christ Church on Shrove Monday (Feb. 16), 1618; with certain Latin poemata it was printed for the Roxburghe Club (London, 1862).
Bibliography: Besides the Memoir in the ed. of 1800, consult: A. a Wood, Athena? Oxonienses, ed. P. Bliss, ii. 652- 653, 4 vols., London, 1813-20; J. Nichols, History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester, vol. iii., part i., pp. 415-419, 4 vols., London, 1795-1811. The account in DNB, viii. 12-14 describes rather the book than the man.