RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Buxtorf
Byrum
he received leave of absence and visited Geneva, France, Holland (wintering at Leyden), and London. The general suspicion of foreigners in London just after the great fire, however, caused Buxtorf to take refuge in a neighboring village, whence he later went to Oxford and Cambridge. In 1669 he returned to Basel and resumed his duties at the university, in addition to acting as librarian Although regarded as an excellent scholar and a diligent student, he wrote little with the exception of a preface to his edition of his grandfather's Tiberias (Basel, 1665), and his emendations to the Synagoga Judaica (1680).
4. Johann Buxtorf: Nephew of the preceding; b. at Basel Jan. 8, 1663; d. there June 19, 1732. After completing his education at Basel, he went to Holland to continue his Oriental studies. In 1694 he was appointed preacher at Aristdorf, a village near Basel, and in 1704 he succeeded his uncle as professor of Hebrew at the University, holding this position until his death. His most noteworthy book was his Catalecta philologico-theologica cum mantissa epistolarum virorum clarorum ad Johannem Buxtorffium patrem et filium scriptarum (Basel, 1707). (Carl Bertheau.)
Bibliography: Athence Rauricce, Basel, 1778 (contains biographies and catalogues of their publications); K. R. Hagenbach, Die theologische Schule Basels, pp. 27 sqq.. ib. 1860; C. H. H. Wright, Introduction to the O. T., London, 1891; C. D. Ginsburg, Introduction to the Massoretico-critical Edition of the Hebr. Bible, ib. 1897; C. A. Briggs, Study of Holy Scripture, passim, New York, 1899; Buxtorf-Falkeisen, Johannes Buxtorf Vater, Basel, 1860; E. Kautzsch, J. Buxtorf der altere, ib. 1879. On the younger Johannes, L. Diestel, Geschichte des alten Testaments in der christlichen Kirche, pp. 336 sqq., Jena, 1868. On Johannes Jakob, S. Werenfels, Vita J. J. Buxtor-
fii, Basel, 1705.
BYFIELD, ADONIRAM: Puritan and Presbyterian; b. probably at Chester, before 1615, the son of Nicholas Byfield (q.v.); d. in London 1660. He was educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and chosen chaplain to a regiment of Parliament's army in 1642. In 1643 he was appointed one of the two scribes of the Westminster Assembly, but was not a member of that body. The manuscript minutes (edited by Mitchel and Struthers, 1874), now in the Williams Library, University Hall, Gordon Square, London, are in his handwriting. He also edited, by authority of Parliament, the various papers in the controversy between the Westminster Assembly and the Dissenting Brethren, published London, 1648, including Reasons Presented by the Dissenting Brethren against Certain Propositions concerning Presbyterian Government, The Answer of Assemby of Divines, Papers for Accumulation, and The Papers and Answers of the Dissenting Brethren and the Committee of the Assembly of Divines. He was rector of Fulham in Middlesex (1644?) and vicar of Fulham (16457-1657), subsequently rector of Collingboum- Ducis in Wiltshire. C. A. Briggs.
BYFIELD, NICHOLAS: Puritan and Presbyterian, b. in Warwickshire in 1579; d. at Isleworth (2 m. s. of Brentford), Middlesex, Sept. 8, 1622. He
was educated at Exeter College, Oxford; was for seven years pastor of St. Peter's Church at Chester, when (1615) he became vicar of Isleworth in Middlesex, where he remained until his death. William Gouge describes him as " a man of a profound judgment, strong memory, sharp wit, quick invention, and unwearied industry." His works were numerous, and greatly esteemed. His Marrow of the Oracles of God (London, 1620), containing six treatises previously published apart, reached an eleventh edition in 1640. The Principles, or, the Pattern of Wholesome Words, dedicated in 1618, reached a seventh edition in 1665, and is a valuable compend of divinity. His expository sermons on the Epistle to the Colossians were published 1615, and several series on the First Epistle of Peter at various times, finally collected and enlarged in a Commentary upon the Whole First Epistle of St. Peter (1637). The Rule of Faith, or an Exposition of the Apostles' Creed was issued by his son Adoniram, after his death (1626), and is an able and instructive work. He must be numbered among the Presbyterian fathers in England.
C. A. Briggs.
BYROM, JOHN: Author of "Christians awake, salute the happy morn," a Christmas hymn in almost universal use in England; b. at Kersall Cell, Broughton, near Manchester, Feb. 29, 1692; d. there Sept. 26, 1763. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, 1708 (B.A., 1712; M.A., 1715), and became fellow, 1714; contributed to the Spectator; invented a system of shorthand and taught it with success; became F.R.S., 1724; succeeded to the family estate at Kersall, 1740, and spent his later years there. He was a mystic and a Jacobite; took deep interest in religious speculations, and knew most of the celebrities of his time; he wrote some of the best epigrams in the language. His Poems, written in easy, colloquial style for his own and his friends' amusement, were printed posthumously (2 vols., Manchester, 1773; again, with life and notes, London, 1814); the Chetham Society of Manchester has published his Private Journal and Literary Remains, ed. R. Parkinson (2 vols., 1854— 1857), and the Poems, ed. A. W. Ward (2 vols., 1894- 1895).
BYRUM, ENOCH EDWIN: American clergyman and editor of The Church of God; b. near Union City, Ind., Oct. 13, 1861. He was educated in the public schools, and also studied elocution and oratory in the Northern Indiana Normal School (1886) and Sunday-school work in Otterbein University (1887). He was ordained a minister of " The Church of God " in 1892, and in addition to editing The Gospel Trumpet and The Shining Light since 1890, has written: The Boy's Companion (Moundsville, W Va., 1890); Divine Healing of Soul and Body (1892); The Secret of Salvation (1896);. The Prayer of Faith (1899); The Great Physician (1900); Behind the Prison Bars (1901); What shall I do to be Saved? (1903); Ordinances of the Bible (1904); and Travels and Experiences in other Lands (1905).
Cabala