BUTTERBRIEFE, BUTTERWOCHE. See Lac-
TICINIA.
BUTTLAR, EVA VON : The leader in a disgraceful aberration externally connected with Pietism, which is in no way responsible for it; b. at Eschwege (26 m. e.s.e. of Cassel), Hesse, 1670; d. at Altona after 1717 Educated without religious instruction, she married at seventeen a French dancing-master in Eisenach, named De Vesias. After ten years of a gay court life, she was touched by the Pietistic movement, left her husband, stopped going to church, and in 1702, with a group of friends, founded at Allendorf in Hesse a new Christian-Philadelphic society, like several others which had sprung up in the Netherlands and western Germany. The esoteric doctrine of these societies included the expectation of an approach-
Buttz Butzer
THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
mg millennium, the rejection of marriage as degrading, and the extinction of carnal desires by unrestrained indulgence. Eva and her friends are said to have practised the most lawless excesses, as sanctioned by their beliefs. Driven from Allendo rf, they sought refuge in Wittgenstein, the common asylum of the persecuted; but even there the tribunals were obliged to interfere. Eva and her special intimates, the theologian Winter and the physician Appenfellcr, embraced Catholicism at Cologne pro forma as a means of protection, and then settled at Ltide near Pyrmont, where their blasphemous insanity reached its height in 1706. They were all again arrested, but escaped. Appenfeller. who had been legally married to Eva, settled with her in Altona as a practising physician; and she is said finally to have lived a decent, regular life with him there as a member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church.
(F. W- Dibelius.)
Bibliography: Thomasius, Gedanken iiber allerhand gemischte philosopkische und juristische Handel, iii. 208—624, Halle, 1725; Keller, Die Buttlarische Rotie, in ZHT, 1845, part 4; II. Goebel, Geschichte des christlichen Lebens in der rheinisch-westphiilischen Kirche, Coblenz, 1852.
BUTTZ, HENRY ANSON: American Methodist Episcopalian; b. at Middle Smithfield, Pa., Apr. 18, 1835. He was educated at Princeton College (B.A., 1858), and held pastorates at Millstone, N. J. (1858-59), Irvington, N. J. (1859-60), Woodbridge, X. J. (1860-61), Mariner's Harbor, Staten Island (1862-63), Prospect Street Church, Paterson, X. J. (1864-66), and Morristown, N. J. (1867- 1869). He was also instructor in Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, N. J., in 1867, becoming adjunct professor of Greek and Hebrew in 1868, and professor of New Testament Greek and exegesis two years later. Since 1880 he has been president of the seminary. He has edited, in addition to a number of briefer studies: The New Life Dawning by B. H. Xadal (New York, 1873) and The Epistle to the Romans in Greek (1876).
BUTZER, MARTIN.
Early Activity in the Protes- The Wittenberg Concord
tant Cause (§ 1). (§ 4).
The Reformation in Straa- Critique of Butzer's Attitude
burg (§ 2). in the Controversy (§ 5).
Endeavois to Reconcile Lu- Butzer in England (§ 6).
ther and Zwingli (§ 3). Death of Butzer (§ 7).
Mart in Butzer (Bucer) was born at Schlettstadt (26
m.s.w.of Strasburg)Nov. 11, 1491; d.at Cambridge,
Einr., Feb. 28, 1551. He received his first education at
the excellent Latin school of his native town, and
in 1506 joined the order of the Dominicans. In
1517 he was at Heidelberg, where he studied the
writings of the humanists, the Bible, and also the
writings of Luther, whose personal acquaintance
he made in 1518 and with whom he
i. Early began to correspond in 1520. Being
Activity suspected by his order and accused at
in the Rome, Butzer, who favored the evan-
Protestant gelical cause, left the monastery in
Cause. 1520 to avoid further difficulties, and
became an associate of Hutten and
Sickingen. The latter called him in 1522 to the
pastorate of Landstuhl, and in the same year he
married, being one of the first priests to break his vow of celibacy. When Sickingen was defeated by the elector of Treves, however, Butzer had to leave the city, and for a year he acted as evangelical preacher at Wissenburg in Alsace, supported by the council and citizens, but attacked by the Franciscan monks. In 1523 he went to Strasburg, where the Reformation, prepared in different ways, was already in progress. Together with Zell, Capito, and Hedio, Butzer became the soul of the Strasburg Reformation, and by preaching and writing, by letters and journeys, and by personal relations with ecclesiastics and statesmen, he exerted a reformatory and organizing activity, not only in Alsace but also in different countries. He was paster of St. Aurelia 1524-31, and pastor of St. Thomas 1531-40, having already become in 1530 president of the newly founded church council which was the supreme ecclesiastical authority in Strasburg. As spiritual spokesman of the Strasburg citizens, who were eager for the Reformation, and as leader of the evangelical ministers, he appeared before the council, which proceeded cautiously and advisedly. He accomplished the abolition of the mass on Feb. 20,
2. The 1529, by a decree of the lay assessors, Reforma- and thus the introduction of the Ref
tion in ormation into the free imperial cit^ Strasburg. Strasburg was made a matter of history. But long before this the reorganization of the divine service and of ecclesiastical life began. Butzer's Ordnung und Inhalt deutscher Messe (1524) was typical of the Reformed order of worship. He devoted special attention to catcchetics and published three catechisms between 1524 and 1544, while by the church ordinance of 1534 he introduced the lay presbytery into Strasburg, and in 1539 he inaugurated confirmation in the same city. Together with his friend Johannes Sturm, he laid the foundations of the Protestant educational system in Strasburg, founding the gymnasium in 1538, and the seminary in 1544. In the interest of ecclesiastical discipline he energetically opposed the Anabaptists and such radicals as Carlstadt, Hetzer, Denk, Sebastian Frank, Schwenckfeld, Melchior Hofmann, and Clemens Ziegler.
Outside of Strasburg Butzer brought about the introduction of the Reformation into Hanau-Lichtenberg (1544), while Wurttemberg, Baden, and especially Hesse owed him much. For the elector of Cologne, Archbishop Hermann of Wied, Butzer, together with Melanchthon, composed an order of reformation (1543). His influence even reached as far as Belgium, Italy, and France.
Butzer's activity in ecclesiastical organization is treated too lightly in most works on church history, which lay their main stress on his efforts toward a union of the two main streams of the Reformation, and especially on his endeavors to reconcile Luther and Zwingli in the eucharistic controversy, which significantly interrupted the course of the main events in the period of the Reformation. When Carlstadt had to leave Strasburg in 1524, Butzer addressed a writing to Luther in the name of the Strasburg ministers, in which he and they expressed their position in regard to