THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
with fine argumentative powers, and with a great fund of information. He was a man of profound piety and broad philanthropy. " Surely," said George D. Prentice, " the life of a man thus excellent and gifted is a part of the common treasure of society. In this essential character he belongs to no party, but to the world." His publications include sixty volumes. F D. Power.
Bibliography: Robert Richardson, Memoirs of Alexander Campbell, Cincinnati, 1SSS; B. B. Tyler, in American Church History Series, xii. 34-59, New York, 1894.
CAMPBELL, ARCHIBALD EAN : Anglican bishop of Glasgow and Galloway, Scotland; b. at Skipness, Argyll, June 1, 1856; graduated B.A. at Cambridge, ISSt); became vicar of the Walter Farquhar Hook Memorial Church in Leeds, 1891; was consecrated bishop 1904.
CAMPBELL, GEORGE: Church of Scotland divine; b. at Aberdeen Dec. 25, 1719; d. there Apr. 6, 1796. He was educated at Marischal College, Aberdeen, and began the study of law in Edinburgh, but changed to theology, which he pursued there and in Aberdeen ; was ordained minister of Banchory Ternan (on the Dee, 20 m. from Aberdeen), 1748; became one of the ministers of Aberdeen, 1757; principal of Marischal College, 1759, professor of divinity, 1771; resigned on account of ill health, 1795. He was one of the founders in 1758 of a famous philosophical society of Aberdeen, which included among its members Thomas Reid, John Gregory, James Beattie, and other distinguished men. His publications were sermons and A Dissertation on Miracles, an answer to Hume's Essay (Edinburgh, 1762; 3d ed., with corrections and additions and correspondence between Hume and Campbell, 2 vols., 1797); The Philosophy of Rhetoric, long considered a standard work (2 vols., London, 1776; many subsequent editions); The Four Gospels, translated from the Greek, with preliminary dissertations and notes, critical and explanatory (2 vols., 1789). Posthumous publications were Lectures on Ecclesiastical History, with a brief Life by G. S. Keith (2 vols., London, 1800), and Lectures on Systematic Theology and on Pulpit Eloquence (1807). A collected edition of his Theological Works appeared in six volumes at London, 1840.
CAMPBELL, JOHN McLEOD: Scotch clergyman; b. at Kilninver (on the w. coast of Scotland, 60 m. n.w. of Glasgow), Argyllshire, May 4, 1800; d. at Roseneath, near Helensburgh (20 m. n.w. of Glasgow), Dumbartonshire, Feb. 27, 1872. He studied at Glasgow 1811-20, and continued his theological course at Edinburgh; became minister of Row (near Helensburgh), Dumbartonshire, 182.5. Here he preached " assurance of faith " and an " unlimited atonement." and in consequence was tried for heresy and deposed by the General Assembly in 1831 (cf. the volume of his Sermons and Lectures, Greenock, 1832, and The Whole Proceedings Before the Presbytery of Dumbarton and the Synod of Glasgow and Ayr in the Case of the Rev. John McLeod Campbell, 1831). He retired to Kilninver, preached in the Highlands for a year or two, and in 1833 became pastor of an independent congregation in Glasgow and remained
there till compelled to retire by ill health in 1859. His services were given gratuitously and were very successful. He was recognized as one of the intellectual leaders of Scotland and was highly esteemed for his personal qualities. His theory of the atonement, by which he was best known outside of Glasgow, he expressed in this sentence in the book on the Atonement mentioned below: " It was the spiritual essence and nature of the sufferings of Christ, and not that these sufferings were penal, which constituted their value as entering into the atonement made by the Son of God, when he put away sin by a sacrifice of himself." He published Christ the Bread of Life (Glasgow, 1851), a book on the Eucharist suggested by the R,oman Catholic controversy of the time; The Nature of the Atonement and its relation to remission of sins and eternal life (Cambridge, 1856; 4th ed., 1873); Thoughts on Revelation (1862), called, forth by Essays and Reviews (q.v.).
Bibliography: A volume of Reminiscences and Reflexions, begun in 1871 and left unfinished at his death, appeared in London in 1873, edited by his son, Donald Campbell, who also edited his Memorial, 2 vols., London, 1877; J. Vaughan, in Contemporary Review, June, 1878 (an account of Dr. Campbell's views); DNB, viii. 388-389.
CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN: English Congregationalist; b. at London Jan. 29, 1867. He was educated at University College, Nottingham, and Christ Church, Oxford (B.A., 1895), and entered the Congregational ministry in 1895. After being pastor of Union Church, Brighton, from 1895 to 1903, he succeeded Joseph Parker as minister of the City Temple, London, a position which he still retains. In theology he is a liberal evangelical. He has written: The Restored Innocence (London, 1898); The Making of an Apostle (1898); A Faith for Today (1900); City Temple Sermons (1903); Sermon to Young Men (1904; American edition under the title The Choice of the Highest, Chicago, 1904); Sermons Addressed to Individuals (1905); Song of Ages (1906); The New Theology (1907); New Theology Sermons (1907); Religion and Social Reform (1907).
Bibliography: A. H. Wilkerson, Reginald John Campbell, the Man and his Message, London, 1907.
CAMPBELLITES. See Campbell, Alexander; Disciples op Christ.
CAMPEGGIO, cam-ped'jo (CAMPEGI, CAM- PEGGI, CAMPEGIUS), LORENZO: Italian cardinal and statesman; b. at Milan Nov. 7, 1474; d. at Rome July 25, 1539. His father was a noted professor of law at Pavia, Padua, and Bologna, and the son, adopting his father's career, became lecturer on imperial and papal law and the Decretals at Bologna after 1499. He participated in the political life of the university town and won the attention of the Curia by his ardent advocacy of the papal cause against the imperial family of Bentivogli. The' loss of his wife hastened his entrance into the priestly state, for which he had long cherished a strong inclination. Julius II. made him representative for Bologna at the tribunal of the Rota in Rome in the early part of 1511. In August he went as nuncio to the court of the emperor Maximilian to win that ruler away from