THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
consecrated (665?) by "Wine of Winchester and two British bishops. Wilfrid acquiesced on going back to England, but when Theodore became archbishop of Canterbury (669) objection was raised to Ceadda's consecration; he expressed his willingness to lay down an office of which he had never deemed himself worthy, retired to his monastery in Northumbria, and Wilfrid was instated in his place. Theodore, however, impressed by Ceadda's humility and worth, reconsecrated him as bishop of the Mercians to succeed Jaruman, and he fixed his residence at Lichfield (Sept., 669). His simplicity, piety, and devotion to duty won the hearts of all, and in later times he was one of the most popular of English saints.
Bibliography: Bede, Hist, eccl., iii. 23, 24, 28; iv. 2, 3; v. 19, 24; Fasti Eboracenses, ed. W H. Dixon and J. Raine, i. 47-55, London, 1S63; W. Bright, Early English Church History, pp. 243-246, 259-266, Oxford, 1897; DNB, ix. 391-393.
CECIL, RICHARD: English "evangelical "; b. in London Nov. 8, 1748; d. at Hampstead (London) Aug. 15, 1810. His early life was profligate, but he was converted about 1772, and in 1773 entered Queen's College, Oxford (B.A., 1777); he was ordained priest 1777 and, after holding various livings, was appointed minister of St. John's Chapel, Bedford Row, London, in 1780. He was the leading " evangelical " clergyman of his time, and exerted a wide influence. He had an original mind, dignified carriage, and impressive delivery. His works were collected and published with memoir by the Rev. J. Pratt (4 vols., London, 1811; new ed., with his letters and memoir by Mrs. Cecil, 1854). Perhaps the most noteworthy of his works is The Remains of Richard Cecil, with numerous selections from his works, new ed., with introduction by his daughter and preface by R. Bickersteth (London, 1876;, containing reminiscences of his conversations.
CECILIA, SAINT: Roman maiden of noble family, who is said by different versions of the uncertain and contradictory tradition to have suffered martyrdom under Marcus Aurelius and Commodus, under Alexander Severus, and under Diocletian. Her Acta relate that on the eve of her marriage she converted her husband, Valerianus, to Christianity. Angels appeared to both Cecilia and Valerianus charging them that her virginity should not be impaired. Tibertius, the brother of Valerianus, was then converted. The two brothers, refusing to sacrifice to the gods at the bidding of the prefect, Almachius, were executed by the sword, and Cecilia was exposed to death in an overheated bath in her own house; when this means failed she too was beheaded. The remains of the three martyrs were placed in the catacombs of St. Calixtus, whence Pope Paschal I., in 821, is said to have removed the relics of Cecilia to a church called after her name (Sta. Cecilia in Trastevere); her coffin of cypress wood was found there in 1599 (Baronius, Annales, ad an. 821). De Rossi discovered what is probably the original crypt of Cecilia, adjoining the papal crypt in the cemetery of Calixtus, and has attempted to prove that she belonged to the old patrician family of the Csecilii; also that the date of her
martyrdom was 177 under Marcus Aurelius. Toward the end of the Middle Ages Cecilia begins to be represented in art with musical attributes. The conception of her as patroness of the organ dates probably from Raffael's painting of 1513, now in Bologna, and may be based upon a misunderstanding of certain words of her Acta which refer to the (secular) musical instruments at her wedding, but were thought to indicate a particular instrument played by herself. The role which she fills among both Roman Catholics and Protestants as patroness of church music in general may be due to the founding of a musical academy at Rome by Gregory XIII. in 1584 under her protection and named after her. (O. ZoCKLERf.)
Bibliography: ASB, April, ii. 203-211; A. Bosio, Acta S. Ccecilice, Rome, 1600 ed. J. Laderchi, with title, Acta S. Ccecilice et transtiberina basilica illustrate, 2 vols., Rome, 1722; J. B. de Rossi, Roma sotterranea Christiana, ii. , pp. xxxii.-xliii., 113-161, Rome, 1867, Eng. transl., i. 315-333, London, 1879; Dom Gueranger, Ste. Cecile, Paris, 1874 (richly illustrated, but of little scientific value); C. Martin, Die heilige Cacitia, Mainz, 1878; Bertha E. Lovewell, The Life of St. Cecilia, in Yale Studies in English, vol. iii., New York, 1898.
CEDD (CEDDA), ST.: Bishop of Essex; d. at Lastingham (25 m. n.n.e. of York), Northumbria, Oct. 26, 664. With his youngest brother Ceadda or Chad (q.v.), he was brought up at Lindisfarne, and was sent in 653 by his abbot, Finan (q.v.), and Oswy, king of Northumbria, as missionary, first to Peada, king of Mercia, and then to Sigbert, king of Essex. He was very successful and was consecrated bishop of the East Saxons by Finan and two Scotch bishops in 654. He founded two monasteries in Essex and the one at Lastingham and governed them strictly, according to the Columban rules. He was present at the Synod of Whitby (q.v.) in 664 and acted as interpreter; he inclined to the British side, but when the Roman prevailed he acquiesced. He died of the plague while on a visit to Northumbria. He has been called the second bishop of London, but Bede, who is the source of all information concerning him (Hist, eccl., iii. 21-23, 25, 26, 28; iv. 3), never speaks of him as such.
CEILLIER, seTTye', REMY: French bibliographer; b.atBar-le-ducMayl4, 1688; d. at Flavi°-ny near Nancy, Nov. 17, 1761. He entered the Congregation of St. Vannes (reformed Benedictines) in 1705, and became titular prior of Flavigny. His great work was an Histoire generate des auteurs sacres et ecclesiastiques, qui contient leur vie, le catalogue, la critique, le jugement, la chronologic, I analyse, et le denombrement des differentes editions de leurs ouvrages; ce qu'ils renferment de plus intcressant sur le dogme, sur la morale, et sur la discipline de Veglise (23 vols., Paris, 1729-63; Table generate des matieres by Rondet and Drouet, 2 vols 1782; new ed., 16 vols., 1858-69). This work is brought down to the middle of the thirteenth century, and is more complete and exact than the similar undertaking of Du Pin (q.v.), but is inferior in respect to style and critical judgment; it is of most value for the first six centuries, for which Ceillier was able to use Tillemont and the Benedictine editions.