RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Catholic Emancipation Ceadda
Its Principles, Its Brandies, Its Results, and Its Literature (1886); The Inspiration of the Old Testament Inductively Considered (Congregational Union Lectures; London, 1888); The Battle of the Standards, the Old Testament and the Higher Criticism (1890); The Spiritual World, the Last Word of Philosophy and the First Word of Christ (1894); and The Story of the Founding of Hackney College (1899). An enlarged edition of his Introduction to Theology appeared in 1896.
CAVE, WILLL4M: Church of England patristic scholar; b. at Pickwell (13 m. e. by n. of Leicester) Dec. 30, 1637; d. at Windsor Aug. 4, 1713. He studied at Cambridge, in St. John's College, and was made M.A. in 1660, D.D. in 1672, in 1681 D.D. by Oxford. He was vicar of Islington, now part of London, 1662-91; rector of All Hallows the Great, Thames Street, London, 1679-89; became chaplain of Charles II. and canon of Windsor in 1681; and in 1690 vicar of Isleworth, London. His reputation rests on his eminent attainments in patristics. His principal works are: (1) Primitive Christianity (London, 1672; reprinted, Oxford, 1840, in connection with his Dissertation Concerning the Government of the Ancient Church by Bishops, Metropolitans, and Patriarchs, 1683); (2) Tabula ecclesiastical, tables of ecclesiastical writers (1674; improved ed. under the title Chartophylax ecclesiasticus, 1685); (3) Apostolici, or the Lives of the Primitive Fathers for the Three First Ages of the Christian Church (1677); (4) Ecclesiastici : or, the Histories of the Lives, Acts, Deaths and Writings of the Most Eminent Fathers of the Church That Flourisht in the Fourth Century (1683; 3 and 4 were combined and edited by Henry Cary under the title Lives of the Most Eminent Fathers of the Church That Flourished in the First Four Centuries, 3 vols., Oxford, 1840); (5) Scriptorum ecclesiasticorum historia literaria (1688; in Latin, to the fourteenth century, continued by others to 1617 and reprinted, Oxford, 2 vols., 1740-43).
Bibliography: J. Darling, Cyclopaedia Bibliographica, pp. 605-607, London, 1854; S. A. Allibone, Critical Dictionary of English Literature, i. 356-357, Philadelphia, 1891; DNB, ix. 341-343.
CAVICCHIONI, ca-vi'che"ni, BENJAMIN: Roman Catholic cardinal; b. at Veiano (a village near Viterbo, 42 m. n.n.w. of Rome) Sept. 27, 1836. He was ordained priest in 1859, and, after teaching for several years, went to Rome, where he studied canon law. In 1872 he became a member of the Congregation of the Council, and twelve years later was consecrated titular archbishop of Amidaand appointed apostolic delegate to Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador, where he remained until 1889. In the latter year he was appointed secretary of the council, with the title of archbishop of Nazianzum, and in 1903 was created cardinal priest of Santa Maria in Ara Cceli. He is a member of the Congregations of Bishops and Regulars, the Council, the Propaganda for the Oriental Rite, the Index, and Indulgences.
CAYET, ca"ye' (CAHIER, CAIET, Cajetanus), PIERRE VICTOR PALMA: Roman Catholic convert; b. at Montrichard (18 m. s.s.w. of Blois),
Touraine, 1525; d. in Paris May 10 (or July 22), 1610. He studied at Paris and Geneva, was Protestant pastor at Poitiers and in its neighborhood, and in 1584 became chaplain to Catherine of Bourbon, sister of Henry IV.; in 1595 he embraced Romanism, was made professor of Hebrew in the Sorbonne in 1596, and became priest in 1600. He was accused of scandalous writings and immorality, but claimed that all charges were prompted by ill will because of his change of faith. His most noteworthy writings were Chronologie septenaire de Vhistoire de la paix entre le roi de France et d'Espagne (Paris, 1605) and Chronologie novenaire sous le regne de Henri IV (1608).
CAZALLA, ca-thal'ya, AUGUSTINO: Spanish Protestant; b. at Valladolid 1510; executed by the Inquisition there May 21, 1559. He was a scholar of Bartholome" Carranza (q.v.) and studied at Valladolid and Alcala. The influence of his father, the chief officer of the royal finances, opened to him a brilliant career in the Church, and his own ability won him the reputation of being one of the foremost preachers in Spain. In 1545 he became chaplain and almoner to Charles V. and accompanied the emperor to Germany on the outbreak of the Schmalkald war. There he undertook to confute the Lutherans, but ended by accepting their doctrines. Returning to Spain in 1552, he was cautious at first in expressing his opinions, but ultimately his mother's house in Valladolid became the meeting-place of the Protestants of the city and Cazalla himself the head of the congregation. In 1558, with his brothers and sisters and about seventy-five others, he was put into prison. On Mar. 4, 1559, when threatened with torture, he acknowledged that he had accepted Luther's teachings, but denied that he had taught them to others except to those already of like mind; further concessions he steadfastly refused to make. The auto da fe at which he perished was the first of these sad spectacles. Sixteen persons, including a brother and a sister of Cazalla, brought to judgment at the same time, were condemned to imprisonment for life; two, Cazalla's brother Francisco and Antonio Herezuelo, a lawyer of Toro, were burned alive; and twelve others, including Cazalla, were strangled before being burned. At the place of execution he was persuaded to address his fellow prisoners. (O. Zockler-)-.)
Bibliography: T. McCrie, History of the Progress and Suppression of the Reformation in Spain, pp. 226-231, 285— 289, Edinburgh, 1829; C. A. Wilkens, Geschichte des spanischen Protestantismus, pp. 79 sqq., 224 sqq., 234 sqq., Gutersloh, 1888; H. C. Lea, History of the Inquisition in Spain, ii. 318, 512, iii. 201, 430, 431, 438, New York, 1906.
CEADDA (CHAD), ST. : Third bishop of Mercia; d. at Lichfield Mar. 2, 672. He was one of Aidan's pupils at Lindisfarne and also spent some years at the monastery of Rathmelsige (Melfont, near Drogheda?) in Ireland. His oldest brother, Cedd (q.v.), chose him to succeed himself as abbot at Lastingham, Northumbria, in 664. After the Synod of Whitby (q.v.) Wilfrid was elected to the Northumbrian bishopric and went to Gaul to be consecrated. As he did not return immediately King Oswy saw fit to appoint Ceadda, and he was
Cecil Celestine