THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Revue de theologie el de philosophic chn'iienne, which under Colani's direction became the organ of the " Strasburg School." From 1856 Colani preached often, and in vol. xiv. of the Revue he developed his ideas on the sermon. The attacks upon his manner of preaching induced him to publish first some of his discourses {L'InJividualisme chrcticn, Le Sacerdoce universe!, L' Education protestante), and afterward three collections, Sermons preeh/s d Strasbourg (^Strasburg, 1857), Nouveaux sermons (lS(iO),and Quatre sermons preehcs u Ntmcs (1861).
The fame which Colani had acquired seemed to point him out for one of the first places in church or school; but the authorities were afraid to sanction officially his ideas. For tliis reason he had to support himself for years as private tutor. His appointment in 1861 as lecturer on French literature at the Protestant Seminary in Strasburg raised a storm of protest. Still greater and louder was the protest when, a few months later (May 15, 1862), he was appointed pastor of t he French congregation of St. Nicolas, and two years later professor of homOetics in the theological faculty and professor of philosophy at the Protestant seminary. In 1864 he was made doctor of theology after publishing his noteworthy work Jesus-Christ et les croyances messianiques de son temps (Strasburg, 1864). Toward the end of that year he commenced his lectures on homiletics, catechetics, and liturgies in the theological faculty, and on philosophy at the Protestant seminary. His lectures, distinguished by scientific depth, keen judgment, and elegant form, attracted a large audience. In 1866 he resigned the pastorate to devote himself wholly to his two professorships. The war of 1870, however, compelled him to leave Strasburg; he joined Gambetta at Bordeaux and devoted himself to politics. He now renounced theology, but took part as a lay delegate in the deliberations at the synod of the Reformed Church of France in 1872, and with great eloquence advocated Protestant liberty. For a time interested in an industrial undertaking at Royon, Colani founded in 1876 a literary journal, Le Courrier littcraire, published at Paris. He afterward became sublibrarian of the Sorbonne, editor of the Gambettistic journal La Repuhlique franvaise, and contributor to La Nouvelle Revue. He was chosen as editor of Le Temps in 1888, but his death intervened. Over against the rationalistic and orthodox intellectualism Colani emphasized again the mystical and ethical element in Christianity ; and against the principle of authority, the right of historical and inner criticism. He brought about a change of the Protestant theology of France in a strictly scientific sense. T. Gerold.
Bibliography: A biographical notice may be found in Progres religieux, Strasburg, 1888, nos, 40 sqq., and another by J. Reinach in a posthumous volume of Essais, Paris, 1895.
COLARBASUS, COLARBASIANS. See Valen- TiNus AND HIS School.
COLEMAN, LEIGHTON: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Delaware; b. at Philadelphia May 3, 1837', d. at Wilmington, Del., Dec. 14, 1907 He was educated at the Protestant Episcopal Academy in his native city and the General
Theological Seminary, New York City, from which he was graduated in 1861, He was rector of St. Luke's, Bustleton, Pa. (1861-63), St. John's, \VUmington, Del. (1863-66), St. Mark's, Mauch Chunk, Pa. (1S66-74), and Trinity Church, Toledo, 0. (1874-79). From 1879 to 1887 he resided in England, and on his return to the United States was rector of the Church of the Redeemer, Sayre, Pa., in 1887-88. In the latter year he was consecrated bishop of Delaware. He was chairman of the American Church Temperance Society 1900-06 and frequently member of important ecclesiastical committees. In theology he was a Catholic Churchman, and as such energetically maintained the cardinal doctrines of the Church and Christianity. He published: History of the Lehigh Valley (Philadelphia, 1868); History of the American Church (London, 1895); and Popular History of the American Church (1905).
COLEMAN, LYMAN: Congregationalist; b. at Middle field, Mass., June 14, 1796; d. at Easton, Pa., Mar. 16, 1882. He was graduated at Yale 1817; was principal of the Latin Grammar School at Hartford 1817-20; tutor in Yale 1820-25; student of theology, and for seven years pastor of the Belchertown (Mass.) Congregational Church. He resigned, spent two years in foreign travel, held various positions, until in 1862 he became professor of Latin in Lafayette College. He published; Antiquities of the Christian Church (Philadelphia, 1841), a translation and compilation from Augusti's Christliche Archdologie and other German works; Ancient Christianity Exemplified (1852); Historical Text-book and Atlas of Biblical Geography (1854); and Prelacy and Ritualism (1869).
COLENSO, JOHN WILLIAM: Bishop of Natal; b. at St. Austell (13 m. n.n.e. of Truro), Cornwall, Jan. 24, 1814; d. at Durban, Natal, June 20, 1883. After taking his degree at Cambridge (St. John's College) in 1836, he was an assistant master at Harrow (1839-42), and then returned to St. John's, of which he had been a fellow since 1837, as tutor for four years. From 1846 to 1853 he was vicar of Forncett St. Mary in Norfolk, and in 1853 became the first bishop of the new see of Natal in South Africa. He worked zealously for the conversion of the natives, for whom he wrote manuals of instruction both sacred and secular in the Zulu language, as well as a Zulu grammar and dictionary. Suspicion as to his orthodoxy was aroused by his commentary on the Epistle to the Romans (1861); and when his Pentateuch and Book of Joshua Critically Examined (7 parts, London, 1862-79) began to appear, its line of thought (originally suggested to him by the questions of his simple Zulu converts) and especially his calling in question the historical accuracy and traditional authorship of these books, wherein he anticipated many of the ideas of later scholarship, aroused a perfect storm of opposition. His metropolitan. Bishop Gray of Cape Town, put him on trial and deposed him at the end of 1863, while his book was condemned in the following year by both houses of the Convocation of Canterbury. Denying Bishop Gray's jurisdiction, Colenso appealed