THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
ceremony was celebrated Aug. 18. But Aug. 22, when Coligny returned from the Louvre to his house (the present No. 144 Rue de Rivoli) he was fired upon twice and slightly wounded by an assassin. The next daj' the king and queen dowager visited him. On the way back to the Louvre the king confessed to his mother that Coligny had urged him to retain the royal power in his own hands. The queen mother, already an avowed enemy of Coligny, now resolved to destroy both him and his adherents. All arrangements having been quickly completed, the massacre of the Huguenots (q.v.) was begun at four o'clock on Sunday, Aug. 24, St. Bartholomew's Day. The first object of attack was Coligny, who was slain, thrown from the window, his head cut off, and his body dragged through the streets and hanged on the gallows of Montfaucon. After a few days his corpse was taken down and buried by Marshal ilontmorency, and after many vicissitudes it was reinterred in a fragment of the wall of his ancestral castle (which was destroyed during the French Revolution) on Sept. 7, 1851. From Paris the massacre spread throughout France, sparing neither sex, age, rank, nor learning. The estimated number of Huguenots kUled varies between 10,000 and 100,000, but may most probably be reckoned at 6,000 in the capital and somewhat over 20,000 in the rest of France. At the command of the king the Parliament declared Coligny guilty of high treason and pronounced his children infamous (Oct. 27, 1572), although this decision was reversed by another of the same body on June 10, 1599. A solemn Te Deum was sung at the Vatican by Gregory XIII., who also had Vasari paint three frescos representing the wounding of Coligny, the conference concerning the massacre, and its execution. On July 17, 1889, a marble statue was erected in honor of Coligny by Protestant subscriptions and in disregard of Roman Catholic protests, in the Rue de Rivoli near the place where he was wounded.
The literary work of Coligny was scanty. His account of the siege of St. Quentin, written in admirable style, was first printed under the title Mcmoires de I'amiral de Coligny (Paris, 1623; Eng. transl. by D. D. Scott, Edinburgh, 1844), while a number of briefer works and letters are scattered in various journals, and his military regulations have been edited by M. L. Cimber and F. Danjou {Archives curieuses de I'histoire de France, series i., vol. viii.). (Theodor ScHOTTf.)
Bibliography: The first life was written at the request of the family by F. Hotmann, Gasparis Colonii vita, Leyden, 1575, Eng. transl., London, 1596, Fr. transl., Paris, 1576. An excellent account is by E. Bersier, Coligny avant les guerres de religion, Paris, 1884, Eng. transl.. The Earlier Life of Coligny, London, 1885 (comes down to 1560). A still more elaborate life was begun by E. Marcks, Gaspard von Coligny. Sein Leben und das Frankrelch seiner Zeit, vol. i., part 1, Stuttgart, 1892 (comes down to 1562). Consult further: J. Delaborde, Gaspard de Colignii, Paris, 1879-83; A. Meylau, Vie de Gaspard de Coligny, ib. 1862; W. M. Blackburn, Admiral Coligny and the Rise of the Huguenots, Philadelphia, 1869; C. Buet, L'Amiral de Coligny et les guerres de religion, Paris, 1884; W. Besant, Gaspard de Coligny, London, 1894; Cambridge Modern History, vol. iii., chaps, i., vii., viii., New York, 1905.
On the .Massacre of St. Bartholomew consult: W. Soldan, Geschiclite <hn F rolesldnlism us in Frankreich, Leip-
sic, 1855 (still the best); H. White, Massacre of St. Bartholomew, New York, 1868; H. M. Baird, Rise of the Huguenots, ib. 1879; H. Baumgarten, Vor der Bartholomausnacht, Strasburg, 1882.
COLIGNY, ODET DE: Cardinal of ChitiUon, brother of Gaspard de Coligny; b. at the castle of Chatillon-sur-Loing (75 m. s.e. of Paris), department of Loiret, July 10, 1517; d. at Canterbury, England, Mar. 22, 1571. He received a cardinal's hat from Clement VII. in 1533, and in 1534 went to Rome for the election of a new pope; and, although he had not yet been ordained priest, he was made archbishop of Toulouse, and, in 1535, bishop count of Cambrai, which raised him to the rank of a nobleman of France. In 1560 Pius lY named him grand inquisitor of France, but the opposition to the institution on the part of the Parliament of Paris relieved him from the odious duties of the position. During the reign of Henry II. (d. 1559) he was apparently indifferent to the religious dissensions, but in April, 1561, he publicly accepted the Reformed faith. He now took active part with his brother in the religious quarrels and mediated between the Huguenots and Catherine de' Medici. In 1 562 he was declared heretical by the Inquisition. He fled to Lyons, relinquished his title of cardinal, calling himself the count of Beauvais, and served in the field in the religious wars. In 156S he went to London, where Queen Elizabeth showed many marks of favor to him and his wife ("Mme. la Cardinale " ) . While preparing to j oin his brother at La Rochelle, he was poisoned, as it was rumored, by his valet at the instigation of Catherine de' Medici. He wrote Les Constitutions synodales (Paris, 1554), and a number of unpublished letters are in the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris and the Record Office in London. He is buried in the Canterbury cathedral.
G. Bonet-jMaurt.
Bibliography: Bouchet, Preuves de I'histoire gnu'alogif/ue de la maison de Coligny, Paris, 1662; G. Bonet-ilaury, Les origines de la reforme a Beauvais, ib. 1874; Becquerel, Souvenirs historiques sur I'Amiral Coligny, sa famille et sa seigneurie, Paris, 1876; L. Marlet, Le Cardinal de Chdtillon, ib. 1883; idem, Correspondance d'Odet de Coligny, ib. 1885; E. G. Atkinson, The Cardinal of Chdtillon in England, 1668-71, London, 1890.
COLLECT : A short prayer which forms a normal part of the mass and breviary offices in the Roman Catholic Church, as of the communion service and morning and evening prayer in the Anglican communion. Like the epistle and gospel which follow it in the altar service, it changes with the day or season, and on festivals has reference to the event or person commemorated. It is usually concise, and its normal structure embraces an invocation, a reason for the petition, the petition itself, the benefit hoped for from its granting, and the conclusion pleading the merits of Christ, since most collects (especially the ancient) are addressed to God the Father. Many of the collects now in use can be traced back to the sacramentaries of Gelasius and Gregory the Great, if not farther.
Bibliography: W. Bright, Ancient Collects, London, 1861; DC A, 1. 403-404; KL, iii. 603-605; McClintock and Strong, Cyclopaedia, ii. 409-410 (valuable).