THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
editions of FoUgno, Jesi, Mantua, and Naples (15th cent.), ed. A. Panizzi, are arranged in parallel columns, London, 1858 (only 100 copies printed); the two Aldine editions of 1502 and 1515; the Giuntina and Delia Crusoa editions are the chief of the 16th-cent. editions; for students the edition of Padua, 1822, reprinted, 1 vol., 1850, is excellent; a beautiful edition, with variant readings, is that of C. Witte, Berlin, 1862. Convenient texts are: P. Fraticelli, Florence, 1879; the Temple Dante, London, 1902; and the Oxford text of E. Moore, 3 vols., ib. 1902, in fine open type.
Of commentaries, the earlier ones are: Jacopo della Lana, 1321-28; the Ottimo, 1334; P. di Dante, 1340; Benvenuto da Imola, 1379; Boccaccio, 1373; Francesco da Buti, before 1406 (all important); the chief one of the 18th cent, is by P. B. Lombardi (many editions, of which the Padua, 1822, 5 vols., ed., is very fine). Later commentaries are by N. Tommaseo, Turin, 1837, 1869; P. Fraticelli, Florence, 1852 and often; G. A. Scartazzini, Leipsic, 1874-1890, 3d minor ed., 1899 (indispensable); W. W. Vernon, 2 vols., London, 1897 (based on Benvenuto da Imola); M. R. Vincent, New York, 1904 (transl. and commentary). Of English translations the following (in verse) are noteworthy: H. Boyd, London, 1802; H. F. Gary, ib. 1814 (more than 20 editions); C. B. Cayley, ib. 1851; H. W. Longfellow, Boston, 1863 (often printed); E. H. Plumptre, London, 1886; T. W Parsons, Boston, 1893; K. H. Haselfoot, London, 1899; M. R. Vincent, New York, 1904; (and in prose) J. Carlyle, London, 1849; A. H. Butler, ib. 1892; C. E. Norton, Boston, 1901; H. Oelsner and P. H. Wicksteed, London, 1901-02; H. F. Tozer, ib. 1904.
The above entries relate chiefly or entirely to the Divina Commedia. Of his other works referred to in the above article these editions and translations may be mentioned: (1) Vita Nuova: " The New Life," ed. A. d'Ancona, Pisa, 1864; Eng. transl. by T. Martin, London, 1862, 4th ed., 1904; C. E. Norton, Boston, 1867, 10th impres.-^ion, 1895; D. G. R«ssetti, London, 1874 and often; C. S. Boswell, ib. 1895; text and transl. by L. Ricci, ib. 1903. (2) Convito: " The Banquet," transl. by E. P. Sayer, London, 1887; by Katharine Hillard, ib. 1889. (3) Canzoniere: " Lyric Poems," ed. P. Fraticelli, Florence, 1861-82; transl. by D. G. Rossetti, London, 1861, new ed. 1892, by E. H. Plumptre (with his transl. of the Divina Commedia, 2 vols., London, 1886-87). (4) De Monarchia: " On Monarchy," ed. C. Witte, Berlin, 1862; Eng. transl. by F. J. Chtirch, London, 1879; by A. Henry, ib. 1904. (5) De vulgari eloquentia: Eng. transl. by A. G. Ferrers Howell, London, 1890. (6) Epistles, ed. P Fraticelli, Florence, 1862; Eng. transl. by P. H. Wicksteed, London, 1898; by C. S. Latham, Boston, 1904. (7) De aqua et terra: transl. by C. H. Bromby, A Question of the Water and the Land, London, 1897. (8) Eclogce: Bucolic Eclogues, Eng. transl. by P. H. Wicksteed (in his Provisional Transl. of the Early Lives of Dante), London, 1898. In general, P. Toynbee, In the Footprints of Dante. A Treasury of Verse and Prose from the W orks of Dante, London, 1907.
DANZ, dantz, JOHANN TRAUGOTT LEBE- RECHT: Church historian ; b. at Weimar May 31, 1769; d. at Jena May 15, 1851. He was educated at Weimar, Jena, and Gottingen, and became teacher at the gymnasium and normal school in his native city. Through the influence of Herder he went to Jena in 1798 as rector of the municipal school. He became privat-docent at Jena in 1804, assistant professor of theology in 1810, full professor in 1812, and retired in 1837. His theological tendency was that of a Biblical rationalist, and he postulated that both the rationalist and the supernaturalist could practise the true religion of Christ. Like Herder, he was characterized by breadth of learning and by skilful presentment of the most diverse themes. His most important theological book was his Lcftrhnrh der christlichen Kirchengeschichte (2 vols., Jena, 1818-26), of which he made compendiums in
his Kurzgefasste Zusammenstellung der christlichen Kirchengeschichte (1824) and in his Kirchengeschichtliche Tabelle (1838). He also prepared an edition of the Bibliotheca patristica of Johann Georg Walch (1834), with which his own Initia doctrince patristicce (1839) was closely connected, and he dedicated to Pope Gregory XVI. his edition of the Libri symbolici ecclesice Romano-Catholic ce (Weimar, 1836). He likewise wrote an Encyklopadie und Methodologie der theologischen Wissenschaften (1832) and an Universalworterbuch der theologischen Litteratur (Leipsic, 1843), having already summarized practical theology in his Grundriss der Wissenschaften des geistlichen Berufs (Jena, 1824). He was, moreover, the author of a curious Versuch einer allgemeinen Geschichte der menschlichen N ahrungsmittcl (Leipsic, 1806) and a philological work entitled Antilexilogus (Jena, 1842). (G. FRANKt.)
Bibliography: Annates academice Jenensis, ed. H. C. A. Eichstadius, pp. 13 sqq., Jena, 1823; Neuer Nekrolog der Deutschen, 1851, i. 374-382.
DAPONTE, da-pen'td (secular name, Constantinos), C^SARIUS: Greek monk and poet; b. (on the island of Skopelo, 15 m. n. of Euboea, in the iEgean) 1713 (1714?); d. in the monastery Xiropotamu, on Mount Athos, 1784. He received a good education in Bucharest through the favor of Prince Racovitza. As secretary to Prince Maurogordatos he came into conflict with the Turkish authorities and was imprisoned for some years. Becoming a monk in 1753, he adopted the name Csesarius, and entered in 1757 the monastery in which he died. He is the greatest poet of the New Greek Church. Of his works (all in E. Legrand, Publications de I'ecole des langues orientales vivantes, Paris, 1886) the following are important from a theological standpoint (for his historical works cf. TLZ, 1893, pp. 422 sqq. ):" Woman's Looking-glass " (2 vols., Leipsic, 1766); its secular companion, " Woman's Lantern," the contents of which are given by Lambros in his " Catalogue of the Greek MSS. on Mt. Athos " (Athens, 1888, i. 221); " Honesty of Character " (Venice, 1770); " The Spiritual Table " (Venice, 1778, not seen by Legrand); the book for the people, "Exposition of the Divine Service " (Vienna, 1795). Exceedmgly interesting is " The Garden of Graces " (edited by Legrand, Bibliotheque grecque vulgaire, vol. iii., Paris, 1881). His monastery preserves the MSS. of his later works in autograph. (Philipp Meyer.)
Bibliography: E. Legrand, Publications de I'ecole des langues orientales vivantes, 1st series, vols, xiv., xv., Paris, 1880-81 (Daponte's work on the Four Years' War is given).
DARBY, JOHN NELSON: The most prominent among the founders of the Plymouth Brethren, whence they are sometimes (especially on the continent of Europe) called " Darbyites " (see Plymouth Brethren); b. in London Nov. 18, 1800; d. at Bournemouth Apr. 29, 1882. He was graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, in 1819 and was called to the Irish bar about 1825; but soon gave uii the law, took orders, and ser^•ed a curacy in Wicklow u;itil, in 1827, doubts as to the Scriptural authority for church establishments led him to leave the Church altogether and meet with a little