RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Daute Dargan
company of like-minded persons in Dublin. In 1830 he visited Paris, Cambridge, and Oxford, and then went to Plymouth, where an assembly of Brethren was shortly formed, and the town soon lent its name to the movement. James L. Harris, perpetual curate of Plymstock, resigned his living to unite with them and, in 1834, started the Christian Witness, their first periodical. Darby became an assiduous writer, and published his Parochial Arrangement Destructive of Order in the Church in the first volume of the Witness, and his Apostasy of the Successive Dispensations (afterward published in French as Apostasie de I'economie actuelle) in the same paper in 1836. Dissensions among the Brethren had already begun, and Darby was accused of departing from their original principles.
Between 1838 and 1840 Darby worked in Switzerland. In the autumn of 1839 an influential member of the congregation at Lausanne invited him thither to oppose I\Iethodism. In March, 1840, he came, and obtained a hearing by discourses and a tract, De la doctrine des Wesleyens a Vigard de la perfection. His lectures on prophecy made a great impression, and he soon gathered young men round him at Lausanne, with whom he studied the Scriptures. The fruit of these conferences was his Etudes sur la Parole, a work which appeared in English as Synopsis of the Books of the Bible (5 vols., London, 1857-67). Many congregations were formed in Cantons Vaud, Geneva, and Bern. Certain of his followers started a periodical, Le Tcmoignage des disciples de la Parole.
When, by Jesuit intrigues, a revolution broke out in Canton Vaud (Feb., 1845), the Darbyites in some parts of Switzerland suffered persecution, and Darby's own life was in jeopardy. He returned to England the same year, but his heart seems ever to have turned toward Switzerland and France. Thenceforth he took a more active lead among the English Brethren, with the result that they became split into two parties, the Darbyites or exclusives and the Bethesda or open brethren. In 1853 he visited Elberfeld and again in 1854, when he translated the New Testament into German. He was also in Germany in 1869, when he took part in a translation of the Old Testament into German. He visited Canada and the United States in 1859, 1864-65, 1866-68, 1870, 1872-73, and 1874. About 1871 he went to Italy, and in 1875 to New Zealand. He visited also the West Indies. Between 1878 and 1880 he was much occupied with a translation of the Old Testament into French, in connection with which he sojourned long at Pau. He had already made a French translation of the New Testament in 1859.
Darby was a most voluminous writer on a wide range of subjects — doctrinal and controversial, devotional and practical, apologetic, metaphysical, on points of scholarship, etc. His Collected Writings (incomplete) have been published by W. Kelly in thirty-two volumes (London, 1867-83). They include Irrationalism of Infidelity (1853), a reply to Newman; Remarks on Puseyism (1854); The Sufferings of Christ (1858) and The Righteousness of God (1859), two works which produced much controversy; Analysis of Newman's Apologia (1866);
Familiar Conversations on Romanism, written between 1870 and 1880; Meditations on the Acts of the Apostles, composed in Italian; Letters on the Revised New Testament (1881), in which he criticized the revisers_ principally in respect to the aorist tense, a subject he had previously discussed in the preface to an English translation of the New Testament (2d ed., 1872). He was a hymn-writer and edited the hymnal in general use among the Brethren. A volume of his Spiritual Songs was published in London in 1883, and three volumes of his letters in 1886-89.
Bibliography: W. B. Neatby, Hist, of the Plymouth Brethren, London, 1901 (best on both Darby and the Plymouth Brethren); F. Est6ou]e, Le Plymouthisme d'autrefois et le Darbyisme d'aujourd'hui, Paris, 1858; W. H. Dorman, The Close of 28 Years of Association with J. N Darby, London, 1866; Stokes, in Contemporary Review, Oct ' 1885, pp. 537-552; S. W. Duffield, English Hymns, pp. 403-405, New York, 1886; JuHan, Hymnology, pp. 279- 280; DNB, xiv. 43-44; and the hterature under Plymouth Brethren.
D'ARCY, dar'si, CHARLES FREDERICK:
Church of Ireland, bishop of Ossory; b. at Dublin Jan. 2, 1859. He studied at Trinity College, Dublin (T5.A., 1882), and was curate of St. Thomas, Belfast (1884-90), rector of Billy, County Antrim (1890-93), rector of Ballymena, with Ballyclug, County Antrim (1893-1900), and dean of St. Anne's Cathedral and vicar of Belfast (1900-03). He was examining chaplain to the bishop of Down 1892-1903, chaplain to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1895-1903, prebendary of Connor in Connor Cathedral 1898-1900, prebendary of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, 1902-03, and Donellan lecturer in the University of Dublin 1897-98. In 1903 he was consecrated bishop of Clogher and in 1907 was translated to Ossory, Ferns, and Leighlin. Theologically he is interested in the philosophic expression of Christian doctrine and in the relation of religion and science, while he expects important results from recent criticisms of idealistic forms of thought and from the criticism of the New Testament. He has written A Short Study of Ethics (London, 1895); Idealism and Theology (1899); and Ruling Ideas of Our Lord (1901).
DARGAN, EDWIN CHARLES: American Baptist; b. at Springville, Darlington County, S. C, Nov. 17, 1852. He was educated at Furman University, Greenville, S. C. (M.A., 1873), and at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, then at Greenville, S. C, now at Louisville, Ky. (full graduate, 1877). He has been pastor of Baptist churclies in Roanoke County, Va. (1877-81), of the First Baptist Church, Petersburg, Va. (1881-87), the Baptist Church at Dixon, Cal. (1887-88), the Citadel Square Baptist Cliurch, Charleston, S. C. (1888-92), professor of homiletics in the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary (1892-1907), and, since June, 1907, pastor of the First Baptist Church, Macon, Ga. He has also been a member of various boards and other organizations of his denomination. He is " Evangelical and conservative in general theological views " and " Calvinistic in type of theology." His principal works are: Ecclesiology (Louisville, 1897; revised ed., 1905); A History of Preaching, from A.D. 70 to 1672 (New York, 1905); The Doctrines of Our
Darius Daugrherty