THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
did not succeed in serious writing. The best collected edition of his works was published in London in three volumes, 1774.
Bibliography: A Life, by T. Davies, is prefixed to the Collected Works, ut sup.; DNB, xvi. 302-303.
EADFRID (EADFRITH, EDFRID): Eighth bishop of Lindisfarne, 698 till his death in 721. He was an ardent disciple of St. Cuthbert (q.v.) and the great aim of his life was to honor his master. He repaired Cuthbert's oratory on Fame Island, and at his solicitation the anonymous life of Cuthbert was written, as well as both of the lives by Bede, the one in prose being dedicated to Eadfrid and his monks. The so-called " Durham Book " or " Lindisfarne Gospels," a manuscript of Jerome's version of the four Gospels with the addenda usual in such manuscripts, beautifully written on vellum in half-uncial letters, now in the British Museum, is believed with good reason to have been originally written and illuminated by Eadfrid. His successor at Lindisfarne, Ethelwald, adorned the work with gold and jewels, and in the tenth century a certain Aldred added an interlinear gloss in the Northumbrian dialect. The manuscript is one of the most beautiful in Europe and testifies to Eadfrid's skill. The Latin text and Aldred's glosses were edited for the Surtees Society by J. Stevenson and G. Waring (4 parts, 1854—65) and for the Cambridge Press by J. M. Kemble, C. Hardwick, and W W. Skeat (1858-78).
Bibliography: Sources are in: Symeon of Durham, Historia Dunelmensis ecclesice, ed. T. Arnold, Bolls Series, no. 75, vol. i. passim, London, 1879; Bede, Vita Cuthberti, preface. Consult also DNB, xvi. 306-307.
EADIE, JOHN: United Presbyterian Church of Scotland; b. at Alva (7 m. n.e. of Stirling), Stirlingshire, May 9, 1810; d. at Glasgow June 3, 1876. He was educated at the University of Glasgow and in the theological seminary of the United Secession Church. He was ordained Sept. 24, 1835, to the pastorate of the Cambridge Street Church, Glasgow, which he retained until, in 1863, he removed with a portion of his people, to form the new Lansdowne Church, of which be was minister until his death. As early as his student days, he showed his leaning to the department of exegesis, in which he achieved his greatest success; and he had so diligently given himself to Biblical study in later years, that, on the death of Dr. John Mitchell, he was elected by the denominational synod (May 5, 1843) to the professorship of Biblical literature in its divinity hall. Such an appointment at that time did not involve the dissolution of the pastoral relationship, and for thirty-three years Dr. Eadie performed the duties of both pastor and professor, finding in the professorship the great sphere of his life.
As a preacher, his manner was not elegant and his utterance was often indistinct; but his sermons were eminently instructive. He was particularly excellent as an expositor. As a professor he was affable, easy, and natural, and possessed the magnetic influence which kindles enthusiasm. His scholarship was broad and accurate, and was so generally recognized that he was chosen a member of the New Testament revision company. His
commentaries are marked by candor and clearness, as well as by an " evangelical unction " not common in works of the kind.
Besides contributions to periodicals and encyclopedic works, he prepared a condensed edition of Cruden's concordance (Glasgow, 1840), and compiled A Biblical Cyclopedia (Edinburgh, 1848; new ed., rewritten, 1869). An Analytic Concordance to the Holy Scriptures appeared in London, 1856, and An Ecclesiastical Cyclopazdia in 1861. He published two volumes of discourses, The Divine Lore (London, 1855) and Paul the Preacher (1859). Further mention may be made of his biography of John Kitto (Edinburgh, 1857) and The English Bible, an External and Critical History of the Various English Translations of Scripture, with Remarks on the Need of Revising the English New Testament (2 vols., London, 1876). Scripture Illustrations from the Domestic Life of the Jews and Other Eastern Nations appeared posthumously (1877). His fame, however, rests on his commentaries on the Greek text of the epistles, viz. Ephesians (London, 1854), Colossians (1856), Philippians (1859), Galatians (1869), and / Thessalonians (1877).
Bibliography: James Brown, Life of John Eadie, London, 1878; DNB, xvi. 307-309.
EADMER (EDMER): Monk of Canterbury; b. probably c. 1060; d. at Canterbury Jan. 13, 1124 (?). He first appears as the close companion of Anselm after the latter became archbishop of Canterbury (1093); according to William of Malmesbury, Anselm esteemed him so highly that he never rose from bed without Eadmer's command. After Anselm 's death he continued associated with Archbishop Ralph, and, in 1120, was chosen by king Alexander of Scotland for the archbishopric of St. Andrews, but, owing to the bitter rivalry between Canterbury and the northern see, was never consecrated. Eadmer is one of the best of early English historians; he avoids trivial details and is uncommonly incredulous for his time concerning alleged miracles; his style is good and approaches classical models. His Historia novorum or " History of his own Times," in six books, extends practically from the Conquest to 1122; it treats especially matters connected with the Church, which he remarks he had been accustomed to note from early childhood, and recounts the deeds of the two archbishops with whom he was connected; it shows strong national feeling and asserts the rights and privileges of the English Church. The best edition is by M. Rule in the Rolls Series (no. 81, 1884). Besides minor works he wrote lives of Anselm (ed. Rule in the Rolls Series, ut sup.); Dunstan; Bregwin, archbishop of Canterbury, 759-763; Oswald, archbishop of York (the last three in Wharton, Anglia sacra, ii., London, 1691), and Wilfrid of York (ed. J. Raine in The Historians of the Church of York, i., Rolls Series, no. 73). His collected works are in MPL, clix. 345 sqq., and extracts are in MGH, Script, xiii. (1881), 139-146.
Bibliography; William of Malmesbury, Gesta pontificum Anglorum, ed. N. E. S. A. Hamilton, in Rolls Series, No. 52, London, 1870; T. Wright, Biographia Britannica hteraria, Anglo-Saxon period, ib. 1842; J. Collier, Eccl Hist., vol. 11., ib. 1845; P. Ragey, Eadmer, Paris, 1892; DNB, xvi, 309-310.