RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Du Vergier de Hauranne Eachard
York Tribune 1875-92, and edited the Report of the Ecumenical Conference on Foreign Missions (New York, 1900). He was editor-in-chief of the Encyclopedia of Missions (New York, 1904) and has written Turkish Life in War Time (New York, 1881); Treaty Rights of American Missionaries in Turkey (1893); Constantinople and its Problems (Chicago, 1901); and Blue Book of Missions (New York, 1905-09, a biennial).
DWIGHT, TIMOTHY: 1. Eighth president of Yale College; b. at Northampton, Mass., May 14, 1752; d. at New Haven, Conn., Jan. 11, 1817. He was graduated at Yale in 1769 and was tutor 1771— 1777. For more than a year he was chaplain in the army during the Revolutionary War. From 1783 to 1795 he was at the head of an academy in Greenfield, Conn., and from 1795 till his death president of Yale, where he exerted an influence decisive for many years in the history of the college. His sermons in the college chapel constituted a system of divinity, and were published under the title Theology Explained and Defended (5 vols., Middletown, Conn., 1818; often reprinted). The work teaches a moderate Calvinism with an avoidance of extreme statements and metaphysical refinements. Besides minor publications he also wrote The Conquest of Canaan, a Poem in Eleven Books (Hartford, 1785); Greenfield Hill, a Poem in Seven Parts (New York, 1794); and Travels in New England and New York (4 vols., New Haven, 1821-22). The last-named work is a storehouse of facts, shrewd observations, and quaint comments. President Dwight was the author of the familiar hymn " I love thy kingdom, Lord." F. H. Foster.
Bibliography: The leading Memoir is by his son, Sereno Edwards Dwight, in Theology Explained, New York, 1846. Consult also: J. Sparks, Library of American Biography, vol. xiv., Boston, 1855; W. B. Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, ii. 152-165, New York, 1859; M. C. Tyler, Three Men of Letters, pp. 69-127, ib. 1895.
2. Twelfth president of Yale College, grandson of the preceding; b. at Norwich, Conn., Nov. 16, 1828. He was educated at Yale (B.A., 1849), the Yale Divinity School (1850-53), and the universities of Berlin and Bonn (1856-58). He was tutor in Greek at Yale from 1851 to 1855 and professor
of New Testament Greek in the Divinity School from 1858 to 1886. In the latter year he was elected president, and held this position until 1899. He was a member of the American committee for the revision of the English version of the Bible and for several years was one of the editors of The New Englander. He has written Thoughts of and for the Inner Life (sermons; New York, 1899) and Memories of Yale Life and Men (1903), and" prepared the American edition of Meyer's commentary on Romans (New York, 1884), several other Pauline Epistles and on the Epistle to the Hebrews (1885), and the Epistles of James, Peter, John, and Jude (1887), as well as of F. Godet's commentary on the Gospel of John (1886).
DYKES, JAMES OSWALD: English Presbyterian; b. at Port Glasgow (17 m. w.n.w. of Glasgow), Renfrewshire, Scotland, Aug. 14, 1835. He studied at the University of Edinburgh (M.A., 1854), New College, Edinburgh (1855-58), and the universities of Heidelberg (1856) and Erlangen (1857). He was minister of the Free Church of Scotland, East Kilbride, Lanarkshire, 1859-61 and assistant minister of Free St. George's, Edinburgh, 1861-65. He then resigned on account of ill health and spent three years without a charge in Melbourne, Australia, delivering occasional lectures and filling various temporary posts in the Presbyterian Church. After his return to England he was minister of Regent Square Church London, 1869-88, to 1907 principal and Barbour professor of theology in the College of the Presbyterian Church of England (Westminster College, Cambridge), since emeritus-principal. He was the chief author of the new creed adopted by the Presbyterian Church of England in 1890. He has written On the Written Word (London, 1868); Beatitudes of the Kingdom (1872); Laws of the Kingdom (1873); Relations of the Kingdom (1874); From Jerusalem to Antioch : Sketches of the Primitive Church (1874); Abraham the Friend of God (1877); Daily Prayers for the Household (1881); Sermons (1882); Laws of the Ten Words (1884); The Gospel according to St. Paul : Studies in the Epistle to the Romans (1888); and Plain Words on Great Themes (1892).
E: The symbol employed to designate the Elohistic (Ephraimitic) document which, according to the critical school, is one of the components of the Hexateuch (q.v.). See Hebrew Language and Literature, II., 4.
EACHARD, JOHN: English clergyman and satirist; b. in Suffolk c. 1636; d. at Cambridge July 7, 1697. He studied at Catherine Hall, Cambridge, of which he became Master in 1675. He was created D.D., by royal mandamus in 1675 and was elected vice-chancellor of the university in 1679
and again in 1695. He published anonymously his famous essay, The Grounds and Decisions of the Contempt of the Clergy and Religion, inquired into in a Letter to R. L. (London, 1670), in which he attributed the failure of the clergy to their defective education. Other works from his pen are, Some Observations upon the Answer to an Enquiry in a second Letter to R. L. (London, 1671), a sequel to the foregoing; Mr. Hobbs' State of Nature (London, 1672); and Some Opinions of Mr. Hobbs (1673). Eachard was master of a light bantering style that was particularly effective in satire, but he
Eadfrid Easter