THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
shared in it worked in accord with his excavations latterly conducted for the Egypt Exploration Fund (q.v.). In 1905 a different basis was found desirable, and the work was organized and expanded at a public meeting of subscribers and friends held in London. Regulations were adopted stating the name of the new association to be the " Egyptian Research Account and British School of Archeology in Egypt." The office was appointed at University College, London. The objects were denned as follows :
a. To conduct excavations and pay all expenses incidental thereto.
b. To discover and acquire antiquities and to distribute the same to public museums.
c. To publish works.
d. To hold exhibitions.
e. To promote the training and assistance of students. All of these objects to be carried on in relation to Egypt,
meaning in general the Nile valley, but with occasional extension to any part of the former kingdom of Egypt.
All receipts from subscriptions, bequest, or sale of books are applied solely to the objects mentioned above, and no expenses are incurred for offices or management. Antiquities not claimed by the Egyptian government are divided among subscribers and among public museums in proportion to the amounts contributed in their respective localities. The management of the society is in the hands of an executive committee appointed by a general committee, which in turn is appointed by the subscribers at an annual general meeting held in London. A director has charge of the work in the field and the work of students. He is the professor of Egyptology in University College, London, if he choose to fill the position; if not, appointment is made by the general committee on nomination of the executive committee. Professor Petrie has continued as director. Late work of the society has been excavation at Tell el- Yehudiyeh, twenty miles north of Cairo, where it is thought the celebrated Hyksos capital Avaris has been discovered, and also the town and temple of Onias, the Jewish high priest who fled to Egypt about 150 B.C. The exploration of Memphis is now in progress, and it is estimated that fully fifteen years will be required to excavate the temple sites alone, apart from the city. The following is the complete list of the society's publications, and indicates the locality and character of the work done since its beginning:
i. 1895. J. E. Quibell, B alias. ii. 1896. J. E. Quibell, The Ramesseum. iii. 1S1I7. J. E. Quibell, El Kab. iv. 1898. W. M. Flinders Petrie, Hierakontopolis, i. v. 1899. F. W. Green and J. E. Quibell, Hierakontopolis, ii. vi. 1900. J. Garstang, El Arabah. vii. 1901. J. Garstang, Mahasna.
viii. 1902. A. St. G. Caulfeild, The Temple of the Kings ix. 1903. M. A. Murray, The Osireion. x. 1904. M. A. Hurray, Saqqara Mastabas, i.
L. Loat, Gurob. xi. 1005. Hilda Petrie, Saqqara M astabas, ii. xii. 1906. \Y. M. Flinders Petrie, Hyksos and Israelite
Cities. xiii. 1907. W. M. Flinders Petrie, Gizeh and Rijeh. hv. 1908. W M. Flinders Petrie, Athribis and Memphis, I.
EHRENFEUCHTER, e"ren-feiH'ter, FRIEDRICH AUGUST EDUARD: German mediating theologian; b. at Leopoldshafen (near Carlsruhe) Dec.
15, 1S14; d. at Gottingen Mar. 20, 187S. He was educated at Mannheim and Heidelberg, and from 1835 to 1839 was instructor in religion at Mannheim. In 1841 he was appointed vicar at Weinheim, and then became court and municipal vicar at Carlsruhe. He attracted attention by his Theorie des christlichen Kultus (Hamburg, 1840^ and Enhrirliungsgeschichte der Menschheit (Heidelberg, 1S45), and in 1845 accepted a call to Gottingen, where he remained until his death, despite calls to Heidelberg, Leipsic, Carlsruhe, and Dresden. In 1849 he became full professor of theology, in 1856 abbot of Bursfelde, and in 1859 counselor of the supreme consistory and member of the Hanoverian council for religion and education. The chief subject of his lectures was practical theology in all its branches, although he also taught theological introduction, the philosophy of religion, apologetics, the life of Jesus, interpretation of the Pastoral Epistles, modern church history, and similar topics. Both as a lecturer and preacher, he was extremely popular. Distinctly irenie in temperament and unable to conceive of a conflict between science and the Church, theory and practise, or ecclesiastical polity and academic teaching, Ehrenfeuchter was exposed to attacks both from conservatives and radicals, particularly in the neo-Lutheran controversy which raged in Hanover in 1853 and the following years. He was a prolific writer, his principal works, in addition to those already mentioned, being: Zeugnisse aus dem akademischen Gottesdienst in Gottingen (Gottingen, 1849-52); Zur Geschichte des Katechismus (1857); Die praktische Theologie (1859); Die Katechismusfrage in der hannoverschen Landeskirche (1862); and Christentum und moderne Weltanschauung (1876). He was one of the founders of the Jahrbiicher filr deutsche Theologie (Stuttgart and Gotha, 1856-78). (J. A. WagenmannI".)
EICHHORN, oiH'hern, JOHANN ALBRECHT FRIEDRICH: Prussian minister of worship; b. at Wertheim (20 m. w. of Wiirzburg) Mar. 2, 1776; d. at Berlin Jan. 16, 1856. He served as an armyofficer in the war of liberation in 1813, and afterward took an active part in promoting the welfare of his country. He soon occupied various prominent positions, and when Frederick William IV. ascended the throne of Prussia in 1840, Eichhorn was appointed minister of worship and education. As the state governed the universities and regulated the appointment of its teachers, the influence of the ruling policy upon the destinies of scientific efforts was inevitable, and showed itself especially in philosophy and theology. The tendency to substitute a positive philosophy in place of the negative became a great stumbling-block to theological candidates and ministers. The result of this policy was an opposition which in 1S42 nourished two hostile parties.
In 1843 Eichhorn undertook the formation of synods in the eastern provinces, and these districtsynods, composed only of ministers and meeting in 1843, advocated an increase of pastoral forces, bettor preparation of the candidates, the formation of presbyteries, greater interest of the congregations in the election of ministers, and a more definite