THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
lischen Religionspartei in Deutschland (2 vols., Gottingen, 1S31-33); Gutachten fur die Domgemeindc zu Bremen (Hanover, 1831); and Ueber die spanische Sammlung der Quellen des Kirchenrechts in the Abhandhmgen der Berliner Akademie (Berlin, 1S33-34) and in the Zeitschrift fiir geschichtliche Rechtswissenschaft, xi. (C. T. G. von Scheurl.)
Bibliography: F. von Schulte, Karl Friedrich Eichhorn, sein Leben und Wirken, Stuttgart, 1884: J. C. Bluntschli and K. Brater, Staats-W orterbuch, iii. 237 sqq., ib. 1858; Preussische Jahrbucher, xxxvi (1875), 22 sqq.; ADB, vi. 469 sqq.
EICHSTAETT, airr'stat, BISHOPRIC OF: A German bishopric named from a city of Germany, 42 m. w.s.w. of Regensburg. The diocese was established by St. Boniface, and in 740 had a monastery on the wooded height above the Altmuhl. On Oct. 22, 741, the Anglo-Saxon Willibald (q.v.), who was the abbot of this cloister, was consecrated bishop by Boniface, primarily for missionary work among the neighboring Wends. The actual diocese, however, first came into existence two years later, when Odilo of Bavaria was obliged to cede the northern portion of his domains to Karlman and Pepin, whereupon, to secure the incorporation of the new possession in Frankish territory, the Frankish district of Suala was united with it to form a bishopric. The diocese lost a small portion of its territory when the see of Bamberg was established (1015), but the modern diocese practically corresponds to the ancient. (A. Hattck. )
Bishop Gebhard I. (1042-57) became first an imperial minister of great force, and then pope as Victor II., still, however, retaining his German bishopric and for a time, as administrator of the Empire after the death of Henry III., uniting the highest temporal and spiritual power. Few events of general interest occurred until the episcopate of William of Reichenau (1464—96), whose achievements in statesmanship, economic and intellectual improvements, and building were notable; the University of Ingolstadt was now founded, with William for its first chancellor. The Reformation made marked headway in the diocese in spite of the Stalwart opposition of Bishop Martin of Schaumberg (1560-90), who founded at Eichstatt the first seminary in Germany as prescribed by the Council of Trent. A period of great prosperity for the diocese was the episcopate of Conrad of Gemmingen (1593-1612), but the Swedish army laid it in ruins and burned the see city in 1634. The secularization of 1802 divided the diocese between Bavaria, Prussia, and Duke Ferdinand of Tuscany, until in 1805 the fragments were reunited under Bavarian rule. Bishop Joseph von Stubenberg (1790-1824), though no longer a temporal magnate, recovered the full extent of his diocese in the Concordat of 1817, and many evidences of spiritual life were shown during the remainder of the nineteenth century.
Bibliography: Sources for history are: Gundechari, Liber pontificalis Eichstetensis, 741-1074, ed. L. C. Bethmann in MGH. .Script., vii (1846), 239 sqq.; the same volume, pp. 2.53 sqq., contains Anonymus Haserensis de episcopis Eichstetensibus, 741-1 OSS; Gesta episcoporum Eichstetensium 1279-1445, MGH, Script., xxv (1880), 590-609. Consult: M. Lefflad, Regesten der Bischofe von Eichstatt
741-1297, Eichstatt, 1871-74; J. Sax, Geschichte des Hochstifts und der Stadt Eichstatt, ib. 1858; Hauck, KD i. 518-519.
EINHARD, oin'hart (EGINHARD): Frankish historian and ecclesiastic; b. in the district of the Main, Lower Franconia, about 770; d. at Seligenstadt (15 m. e.s.e. of Frankfort) Mar. 14, 840. He received his earliest education in the monastery of Fulda, and was presented by the abbot Baugolf (779-802) at the court of Charlemagne, where he enjoyed the instruction of Alcuin, devoting himself especially to mathematics and architecture and being appointed inspector of the royal buildings. He was likewise one of the trusted counselors of Charlemagne, and in 806 was sent to Rome to secure the pope's sanction of the division of the realm as proposed by the emperor. He retained his position with Charlemagne's son and successor, Louis, who entrusted him with the education of his son Lothair, although he later became a strong opponent of the evil influence of the empress Judith. In 829 he fell seriously ill, and in the following year left the court. He then retired to Seligenstadt, but in 833 he was at the court of Lothair to do him homage. His chief interest, however, was the development of Muhlheim on the Main, which he renamed Seligenstadt on account of the relics of Saints Marcellinus and Peter, which he brought thither from Rome in 827.
The importance of Einhard as a historian has been much overrated, his perfection of form and diction concealing his inaccuracies. His Vita Caroli Magni (Eng. transl. by W Glaister, London, 1877), which is modeled on Suetonius, and draws its political portions from the Annates Einhardi, was written shortly after the death of the emperor, and was at once most widely circulated. His letters, which extend only from 825 to 840 and are for the most part undated, are valuable historical documents and are characterized by clarity and simplicity, but his Translatio sanctorum Marcellini et Petri is filled with incredible miracles, though it is not without importance as a source for culture-history.