KEY TO PRONUNCIATION
When the pronunciation is self-evident the titles are not respelled ; when by mere division and accentuation it can be shown sufficiently clearly the titles have been divided into syllables, and the accented syllables indicated.
iu as in duration
c = k " " cat
ch " " church
cw = qu as in gween
dh (th) " " the
f " " /ancy
g (hard) " " ffo
h " " loch (Scotch)
hw (wh) " " why
j " " /aw
Q
as in sofa
a
a
" arm
a
tt
" at
a
a
" fare
e
tt
" pen1
e
a
" fate
i
tt
" tin
i
a
" machine
tt
" obey
as
m
not
tt
tt
nor
U
a
a
Ml2
u
tt
ti
rwle
u
a
it
but
tJ
tt
tt
burn
ai
a
•<
pine
au
tt
a
out
ei
a
a
oil
iu
i i
a
few
1 In accented syllables only ; In unaccented syllables it approximates the sound of e in over. The letter n, with a dot beneath it, indicates the sound of n as in ink. Nasal n (as in French words) is rendered n. 2 In German and French names u approximates the sound of u in dune.
THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE
GOAR, SAINT : Reputed missionary on the Middle Rhine. According to his biography in the Acta Sanctorum, he came from Aquitaine to the Rhine in the reign of the Frankish King Childebert I. (511-558), and built a cell and a chapel on the site of the later town of St. Goar (on the left bank of the Rhine, 15 m. s. of Coblenz), where he passed his life in spiritual exercises and the entertainment of travelers, and converted not a few pagans. His very hospitality was made a ground of complaint by two clerics from Treves; but he defended himself so impressively before Rusticus, the bishop of that see, that King Sigebert (561-576) desired to make him bishop instead of Rusticus. Goar declined, returned to his cell, and died there seven years later. The legend, which goes back only to the ninth century, has not the slightest historical value. According to a document of Louis the Pious, dated 820, Pepin and his queen Bertha built a cell over the saint's grave, and Pepin is said to have assigned it to the jurisdiction of Abbot Asuer of Prum, while Charlemagne, in 788, assigned the cell as a residence for Tassilo of Bavaria. In the eleventh century it was changed into a house of canons, and it continued so till the Reformation.
(A. Hauck.)
Bibliography: The early anonymous life, with commentary, a second life and Miracula are in ASB, July, ii. 327-346; the later life and Miracula are also in MGH, Script., xv (1887), 361-373. Consult: A. Grebel, Geschichte der Sladt St. Goar, St. Goar, 1848; P. Heber, Die vorkarolingischen christlichen Glaubenshelden am Rhein, pp. 130-140; Rettberg, KD, i. 465, 481; Friedrich, KD, ii. 175; DCB, ii. 687-688.
GOATS. See Pastoral Life, Hebrew.
GOBAT, go "bo', SAMUEL: Second Anglican- German bishop in Jerusalem; b. at Cremine (23 m. s.s.w. of Basel), Switzerland, Jan. 26, 1799; d. at Jerusalem May 11, 1879. Desiring to become a missionary, he went to the Missionshaus at Basel (1821), where he received his theological training, after which he studied in Paris. After having been ordained in the state church of Baden, he was sent to England to seek employment from the Church Missionary Society. He was destined for Abyssinia, but was compelled to wait three years in Egypt before he was admitted. In 1829, with his companion Christian Kugler, he entered the country. King Saba Gadis received them with kindness, and a time of zealous and successful work followed. After three years Saba Gadis was killed in war and Gobat had to flee from the country. When peace V.— 1
was restored he went back, but sickness of himself and wife made a return to Europe necessary.
In 1846 King Frederick William IV. of Prussia appointed him to the bishopric of Jerusalem (see Jerusalem, Anglican-German Bishopric in). Despite the peculiar and difficult conditions, and notwithstanding the opposition of the Oriental bishops and the mistrust of many Anglicans, Gobat labored faithfully until his death. His Journal of a Three Years' Residence in Abyssinia was published in London, 1834. (Theodor Schaper.)
Bibliography: Mme. L. Roehrich, Samuel Gobat evique anglican de Jerusalem, Paris, 1880, Germ, transl., Basel, 1884; Eng. transl. (from the Germ.) with preface by the Earl of Shaftesbury, London, 1884; T. Schoelly, iS. Gobat, Evangelischer Bischof in Jerusalem, Basel, 1900.
GOBELINUS PERSONA. See Persona.
GOCH, g5H, JOHANN VON (Johann Pupper or Capupper) : One of the " Reformers before the Reformation "; b. at Goch (43 m. n.w. of Diisseldorf) early in the fifteenth century; d. near Mechlin Mar. 28, 1475, or later. He probably received his first education in a school of the Brethren of the Common Life, perhaps in Zwolle. He studied at the University of Cologne, and possibly also in Paris. In 1459 he founded the priory of Thabor for canonesses of St. Augustine, and governed it till his death.
Goch stood on the threshold of the Reformation in so far as he minimized the traditions of the Church and acknowledged as the only authorities the Bible and the Fathers. But in the central point of reformatory dogmatics, in the doctrine of justification, he still stood on the ground of the Middle Ages. He attacked monasticism on the ground that it could not be justified from the Bible, and that it lowered the value of grace, since the monastic vow was considered to lead to true Christian perfection. Against the doctrine of a twofold morality Goch argued that the so-called " counsels " belong to Evangelical law as well as the " precepts," and are to be observed by both the clergy and the laity. By giving due regard to the secular professions, he rose above the one-sided asceticism of the Middle Ages. As an extreme nominalist, Goch rejected all speculation in the sphere of religion, and strongly emphasized the authority of the Church. As a mystic he aimed at a closer and more intimate union with God through love of him and our fellow men. His importance
God