THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
godly man; all others, at the best, are merely on the way of approximation to him. Truth and sincerity are the criteria of godliness; where they are wanting, it becomes cant and hypocrisy, a mere semblance (II Tim. iii. 5) or gain-seeking (I Tim. vi. 5). Carl BuRGERf.
Bibliography: The lexicons upon the words, particularly that of Cremer and that of H. Greer, Gotha, 1902, Edinburgh, 1SS0. Also the works upon New Testament Theology, particularly that of Beyschlag, Edinburgh, 1896.
GOD-PARENTS. See Baptism, III., 7
GODWIN, FRANCIS: Bishop of Hereford; b. at Hannington (7 m. n.e. of Northampton), Northamptonshire, 1562; d. at Whitbourne (16 m. n.e. of Hereford) Apr., 1633. He was the son of Thomas Godwin, Bishop of Bath and Wells, and studied at Christ Church, Oxford (B.A., 1581; M.A., 1584; B.D., 1594; D.D., 1596). After having held various preferments, including the subdeanery of Exeter, he was elevated to the see of Llandaff in 1601, and translated to the see of Hereford in 1617 His principal works are: Catalogus episcoporum Bathoniensium et Wellensium, a manuscript in Trinity College, published in part by Thomas Hearn in his edition of John Whethamstede's chronicle (Oxford, 1732); A Catalogue of the Bishops of England since the First Planting of the Christian Religion on this Island (London, 1601; Lat. transl., 1616); Rerum Anglicarum Henrico VIII., Edwardo VI. et Maria regnantibus, Annates (1616; Eng. transl., Annates of England ; Containing the Reignes of Henry the Eighth, Edward the Sixt, Queene Mary, 1630); and the posthumous The Man in the Moon (1638; French transl., Paris, 1647), which suggested to Cyrano de Bergerac the theme for his famous '' Voyage to the Moon."
Bibliography: A. a Wood, Athenoe Oxonienses, ed P. Bliss, ii. 555, 882, 4 vols., London, 1813-20; J. Le Neve, Fasti ecclesim Anglicanw, i. 196, 390, 470, ii. 252, Oxford, 1854; DNB, xxii. 55-58.
GOEBEL, gfj'bel, SIEGFRIED ABRAHAM : German Reformed; b. at Winningen (4 m. s.w. of Coblenz) Mar. 24, 1844. He was educated at the universities of Erlangen (1863-64), Halle (1864-65), and Berlin (1865-67), and was deacon at St. Peter's, Posen (1868-74), court preacher at Halberstadt (1874-89), and consistorial councilor at Munster (1889-95). Since 1895 he has been professor of theology at the University of Bonn. In theology he represents Biblical Christianity, and has written Die Parabeln Jesu (2 vols., Gotha, 1879-80; Eng. transl. by J. S. Banks, Edinburgh, 1883); Neutestamentliche Schriften, griechisch, mit kurzer Erkldrung 2 vols., Gotha, 1887-93); Das Christentum Christi und das kirchliche Christentum (Giitersloh, 1896); and Die Reden unsers Herrn nach Johannes im Grundtext ausgelegt, i (1906).
GOEPFERT, gfjp"fart', FRANZ ADAM : German Roman Catholic; b. at Wurzburg Jan. 31, 1849. He was educated at the university of his native city (1867-71) and, after being chaplain in Kitzingen (1871-73) and subdirector of a school for boys in Wurzburg (1873-79), was in 1879 appointed associate professor of moral and pastoral theology in the university of the same city. Since 1884 he has been
full professor of the same subjects at Wurzburg, where he was also university preacher from 1882 to 1892 In addition to editing J. B. Renninger's Pastoraltheologie (Freiburg, 1893), he has written Die Katholizitat der Kirche (Wurzburg, 1876); Der Eid (Mainz, 1882); Moraltheologie (3 vols., Paderborn, 1897-98); and St. Kilianusbtichlein (Wurzburg, 1902).
GOERRES, gur-res', JOHANN JOSEF VON: German Roman Catholic; b. in Coblenz Jan. 25, 1776; d. in Munich Jan. 27, 1848. As a youth he welcomed with great enthusiasm the revolutionary movement when it began to invade Germany from France, and advocated the same by word and pen. But when in Paris at the close of 1799 he found opportunity to observe the republic at close hand, he was sobered and turned his back on political Early Life. life. The years 1800-06 he spent
Political quietly as a teacher at Coblenz, occu-
Activity. pied with studies in physical science, after which he spent two years at Heidelberg, where he became interested in Old German literature, and published, as first fruits of his Germanic studies, Die deutschen Volksbucher (Heidelberg, 1807). The last fruit of his Germanic studies was the Altdeutsche Volks- und Meisterlieder aus den Handschriften der Heidelberger Bibliothek (1813). By these achievements Gorres' name is honorably connected with the beginnings of Germanic specialization. His Mythengeschichte der asiatischen Welt (2 vols., Heidelberg, 1810) was a product of the effort of Romanticism to unite religion and poetry.
The wars of liberation led Gorres back into political life. He created an organ for himself in his journal, the Rheinischer Merkur, and wielded a potent influence by reason of his vigorous language, the keenness of his political judgment, and his patriotic attitude against Napoleon. But when, after Napoleon's defeat, he also directed his criticism against the home government and courageously opposed the incipient reaction, he became objectionable; on the publication of his Deutschland und die Revolution (Coblenz, 1820; Eng. transl., Germany and the Revolution, London, 1820), a warrant of arrest was even issued against him, but he fled to Strasburg. He still issued political writings (1821 and 1822). But the center of gravity of his interests became shifted; he entertained a different philosophy in regard to affiliation with the Roman Catholic Church, and the political writer became a church writer. This transition found practical expression when he joined the staff of the review Der Katholik.
In 1827 Gorres was called by King Louis I. of Bavaria to the University of Munich, and there at last he found the environment in which his individuality could fully unfold itself. An imposing group of notable personalities flourished in harmony at that time in Munich (Dollinger, Lasaulx, Ringseis, Mohler, Phillips and others), connected Professor with the review Eos. Besides his suein Munich, cessful activity as teacher, Gorres found time for thoroughgoing scientific works, the chief of which, Die christliche Mystik, appeared in four volumes, from 1836 to 1S42,