RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
G-od-ParentE G-oetz
and fortunately escaped being placed on the Index ; for at that time the Cologne controversy broke out (see Droste-Vischeeing), which straightway called Gorres into the arena, and incited him to what was perhaps his most important, at any rate his most effectual, piece of writing, his Athanasius (Regensburg, 1837), wherein he brilliantly championed the archbishop of Cologne. As the Roman Catholic Church in Prussia emerged victorious from this conflict, Gorres prompted the establishment of the still current Historisch-politische Blatter. When Bishop Arnoldi of Treves aroused no small sensation by display of the seamless robe of Christ (see Holy Coat), and was sharply attacked in the matter, it was Gorres, again, who undertook the literary vindication of that procedure. He was ennobled in 1829.
Gorres proved himself a decided personality in very different situations, and made a name for himself through his versatile literary activity. He exhibited his principal talent as a political writer; for strictly scientific research was not his province, and he was wanting in critical perception. It is significant in relation to his ecclesiastical position that both the later Ultramontane cause and the Old Catholic party appealed to his support, and could make that appeal consistently; since in his case there were points of contact with both these tendencies. He was neither an Ultramontane nor an Old Catholic, but an exponent of that moderate Catholicism which in conjunction with the after-effects of the rationalistic period had blunted the edge of earlier acerbities. Nor was it until after the Cologne dispute that the distinctively Roman phases of Gorres manifested themselves the more conspicuously. Carl Mirbt.
In honor of Gorres, the Gorres-Gesellschaft (" Gorres Society ") was founded on the centennial anniversary of his birth, 1876, to promote scholarship in Roman Catholic Germany. It has issued an annual Historisches Jahrbuch since 1880 and Philosophisches Jahrbuch since 1888, Quellen und Forschungen aus dem Gebiet der Geschichte (11 vols., 1892-1906), and a Staatslexicon (2d ed., 5 vols., 1900-04), besides occasional publications. Prizes are offered to encourage investigation. The headquarters are in Bonn. Consult H. Cardanus, Die Gorres-Gesellschaft, 1876-1901 (Cologne, 1901).
Bibliography: The collected writings and letters were published by Marie Gorres and F. Binder, 9 vols., Munich, 1854-74. Consult: J. Galland, Josef von Gorres, Freiburg, 1876; ADB, ix. 378-389; J. Friedrich, Ignaz von Dbllinger, vol. i., Munich, 1899; P. von Hoensbroech, Das Papstthum in seiner sozial-kultureUen Wirksamkeit, i. 235 sqq., Leipsic, 1901; H. Briick, Geschichte der deutschen katholischen Kirche im 19. Jahrhundert, vol. ii. Munich, 1903.
GOESCHEL, gu'shel, KARL FRIEDRICH: German jurist and philosopher; b. at Langensalza (25 m. n.w. of Erfurt), Thuringia, Oct. 7, 1784; d. at Naumburg (22 m. s.s.w. of Halle) Sept. 22, 1861. He received his first education at Gotha, and in 1803 began the study of jurisprudence at the University of Leipsic, where he remained until 1806, when he was appointed a magistrate in his native town. There he remained for twelve years, and during that period gathered material from the
town archives for a Ghronik der Stadt Langensalza in Thiiringen (4 vols., Langensalza, 1818-44). After the acquisition of Saxony, the Prussian government required officials acquainted with the law and administration of the new province, and Goschel was accordingly called to Naumburg in 1819 as a justice of the Superior Court, holding this office until 1834. From 1834 to 1845 he officiated as a secretary in the ministry of justice in Berlin, where he was occupied chiefly with ecclesiastical affairs; while in 1845 he was appointed a member of the council of state, and president of the consistory of the province of Saxony, with residence in Magdeburg, until the revolution of 1848 forced him to take refuge in flight.
The main endeavor of Goschel's life was the reconciliation of Christianity with modern culture, of which Hegel was the philosophical, and Goethe the poetical, representative. Among his numerous works may be mentioned : Ueber Goethes Faust und dessen Fortsetzung, nebst einem Anhange vom ewigen Juden (Leipsic, 1824); Cdcilius und Octavius, oder Gesprache uber die vornehmsten Einwendungen gegen die christliche Wahrheit (Berlin, 1828) ; Von den Beweisenfiir die Unsterblichkeit der menschlichen Seele im Lichte der spekulativen Philosophie (1835); Beitrdge zur spekulativen Philosophie von Gott und dem Menschen und dem Gott-Menschen (1838), and Unterhaltungen zur Schilderung Goethescher Dicht- und Denkweise (3 vols., Schleusingen, 1834-38). He also published a collection of essays entitled Zerstreute Blatter aus den Hand- und Hulfs- Acten eines Juristen (3 vols., Erfurt, 1832-42), and likewise wrote a noteworthy treatise on Die Konkordienformel nach ihrer Geschichte, Lehre und kirchlichen Bedeutung (Leipsic, 1858).
GOETTLER, gfjt'ler, JOSEF: German Roman Catholic; b. at Dachau (25 m. s.e. of Augsburg) Mar. 9, 1874. He was educated at Scheyern, Freising, and Munich (1885-98), and since 1904 has been privat-docent for dogmatic theology at the University of Munich, as well as vicar of St. Cajetan's. He has edited G. Gundlach's Exerzitien- Vortrdge (2 vols., Munich, 1904), and has written St. Thomas von Aquino und die vortridentinischen Thomisten uber die Wirkung des Bussakramentes (Freiburg, 1904); and Der Miinchener katechetische Kurs (Kempten, 1906).
GOETTSBERGER, gfjtz'ber-ger, JOHANN: German Roman Catholic; b. at Kobl, Lower Bavaria, Dec. 31, 1868. He was educated at Freising (1889- 1890) and Munich (1890-93), and after a year as curate (1894) was prefect at the archiepiscopal school for boys at Freising (1895-97) and instructor in theology in the archiepiscopal school in the same city (1898-1900). In 1900 he was appointed associate professor of Old Testament exegesis at the royal lyceum of Freising, and since 1903 has been full professor of the same subject at the University of Munich. He has written Barhebrdus und seine Scholien zur heiligen Schrift (Freiburg, 1900).
GOETZ, gtjtz, LEOPOLD KARL: German Old Catholic; b. at Carlsruhe Oct. 7, 1868. After the
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