RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Gregory Thaumaturgus Gregory
gins with a synopsis of the history of the world, and at the end of the first book comes down to the beginning of the Frankish conquest and the death of St. Martin. The treatment grows more extended as it comes down, the last seven years alone filling four books. From the fifth book on it has the character of contemporary memoirs. Without graces of style, it has accuracy of statement and an earnest endeavor to be impartial, though theological and moralizing tendencies are sometimes obtruded on the reader. Gregory wrote also a commentary on the Psalms, of which only a few fragments remain, and De cursu stellarum, which served the practical purpose of helping to fix the time for the night offices by the position of the stars. (A. Hauck.)
Bibliography: The Historia Francorum and other writings were first published at Paris, 1511-12, then at Basel, 1568; the Opera were edited by T. Ruinart, Paris, 1699; a new critical ed. by W. Arndt, with the Miracula by B. Krusch is in MGH, Script, rer. Merov., i (1885), 450-878; the Historia, ed. H. Omont, appeared Paris, 1886, and by G. Collon, ib. 1893. Ruinart's ed. is also in MPL, lxxi. and in Bouquet, Recueil, vol. ii. Mention should also be made of the great edition by H. L. Bordier, 4 vols., Paris, 1857-64, containing the Vitce by Odo and Jean Gilles, the latter of small value.
The Vita by Odo follows the preface in Ruinart's ed., ut sup., and is in MPL, lxxii. 115-126; cf. Ceillier, Auteurs meres, x. 809, xi. 365-409. Consult: J. W. Lobell, Gregor von Tours und seine Zeit, Leipsic, 1839; A. Thierry, Recits des temps merovingiens, Paris, 1840; A. Dupuy, Vie de S. Gregoire, ib. 1854; A. Jacobs, Geographie de Gregoire de Tours, ib. 1858; L. B. Des Francs, Etudes sur Gregoire de Tours, ib. 1861; C. Chevalier, Les Origines de I'eglise de Tours, Tours, 1871; L. F. Je'han, Les Legendes vengees, ou S. Gregoire de Tours, ib. 1871; Holder-Egger, in NA, i (1876), 268-276; A. Ebert, Allgemeine Geschichte der Literatur des Mittelalters, i. 566-579, Leipsic, 1889; M. A. Bonnet, Le Latin de Gregoire de Tours, Paris, 1890; Histoire litteraire de France, iii. 372-397; Neander, Christian Church, consult the Index; Schaff, Christian Church, iii. 658-661; DCB, ii. 771-776.
GREGORY OF UTRECHT: An early Frankish missionary; b. 707 or 708; d. at Utrecht Aug. 25, 775 or 776. He was educated at the court school and in the monastery of Pfalzl (diocese of Treves), where in 722 he met Boniface, whose constant companion he became. Toward the end of his life he appears as a priest and head of the minster school of St. Martin's in Utrecht. After the death of Boniface, he was charged by Pope Stephen III. and King Pepin with the evangelization of the Frisians. His own work was mostly confined to central Frisia, with his headquarters either at Utrecht or at Wijk, though his influence extended much further through his scholars. He refused promotion to the episcopate, but in his later years had the assistance of the Anglo-Saxon Aluberht, who was consecrated bishop at his request by the archbishop of York in 767. (A. Hatjck.)
Bibliography: The Vita by Liudger is in ASB, Aug., v. 241-264 (cf. June, i. 483-487), in MPL, xcix. 752-770, and, ed. Holder-Egger, in MGH, Script., xv (1887), 63- 79. Consult: A. Ebert, Allgemeine Geschichte der Literatur des Mittelalters, ii. 106-108, Leipsic, 1889; G. F. Maclear, Apostles of Mediceval Europe, London, 1888; Rettberg, KD, ii. 531; Hauck, KD, ii. 344 sqq.; Moeller, Christian Church, ii. 65.
GREGORY, CASPAR RENE: Lutheran; b. at Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 6, 1846. He was educated at the University of Pennsylvania (A.B., 1864),
the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia (1865-67), Princeton Theological Seminary (1867-73), and the University of Leipsic (Ph. D., 1876). After the completion of his studies in Germany, he was appointed subeditor of the Theologische Literaturzeitung , and held this position until 1884, being also pastor of the American Chapel at Leipsic in 1878-79. In 1884 he became privat-docent of theology in the University of Leipsic and was appointed associate professor three years later, being promoted full professor in 1889, after having declined an appointment as professor of New Testament Greek at Johns Hopkins University in 1885. He has written the Prolegomena (3 parts) to the eighth major edition of K. von Teschendorf's Novum Testamentum Greece (Leipsic, 1884-94); Textkritik des Neuen Testamentes (2 vols., 1900-02); Canon and Text of the N. T (New York, 1907); and Das Freer Logion (1908). He has also translated C. E. Luthardt's Dos johanneische Evangelium under the title St. John the Author of the Fourth Gospel (Edinburgh, 1875) and the same scholar's commentary on the Gospel of John (3 vols., 1876- 1878), in addition to assisting Charles Hodge in the preparation of his Systematic Theology (3 vols., New York, 1871-73).
GREGORY, DANIEL SEELYE: Presbyterian; b. at Carmel, N. Y., Aug. 21, 1832. He was educated at the College of New Jersey (A.B., 1857) and Princeton Theological Seminary (1860). He was instructor in rhetoric in the College of New Jersey (1858-60), and held pastorates at the South Church, Galena, 111. (1860-63), Second Presbyterian Church, Troy, N. Y. (1863-66), Third Congregational Church, New Haven, Conn. (1866-69), and South Salem, N. Y. (1869-71). He was then professor of metaphysics, logic, and English literature in Wooster University, Wooster, O. (1871-78), and president of Lake Forest University, 111., (1878- 1886). He was managing editor of the Standard Dictionary from 1890 to 1894, and from 1895 to 1904 was editor of The Homiletic Review. Since 1904 he has been secretary of the American Bible League and managing editor of the Bible Student and Teacher. He has written Christian Ethics (Philadelphia, 1875); Key to the Gospels (New York, 1877); Practical Logic (Philadelphia, 1881); Christ's Trumpet Call to the Ministry (New York, 1896); The Church in America and its Baptisms of Fire (in collaboration with S. B. Halliday, 1896); and The Crime of Christendom (Philadelphia, 1900).
GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT: English mathematician; b. at Yaxley (13 m. n. of Huntingdon), Huntingdonshire, Jan. 29, 1774; d. at Woolwich (7 m. e.s.e. of St. Paul's, London) Feb. 2, 1841. He received his training under Richard Weston, the Leicester botanist, and in 1796 settled in Cambridge, where he devoted himself chiefly to tutorial work. In 1802 he became mathematical master at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and in 1807 professor of mathematics there, a position which he held till 1838. He was editor of the Gentleman's Diary 1802-19, and of the Ladies' Diary 1819-40. He published a number of
Grellet Griesbach