THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
books on astronomy, mathematics, and mechanics, and three noteworthy works of religious interest, viz., Letters to a Friend on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Duties of the Christian Religion (2 vols., London, 1811; 9th ed. in Bohn's Standard Library, 1851); Memoirs of John Mason Good (1828);
and A Brief Memoir of the Rev. Robert Hall (prefixed to an edition of Hall's Works, 1832; printed separately, 1833).
Bibliography: C. Knight, English Cyclopaedia; Biography, iii. 193-194, 27 vols., London, 1854-70; DNB, xxii. 103.
GRELLET, grel"le', STEPHEN (Etiennede Grellet du Mabillier) : Missionary of the Society of Friends; b. at Limoges (88 m. w. of Clermont), France, Nov. 2, 1773; d. at Burlington, N. J., Nov. 16, 1855. The son of a wealthy French nobleman, he attended the military college at Lyons and at seventeen entered the body-guard of Louis XVI. During the Revolution he and his brothers were captured and sentenced to be shot. He escaped to Demerara in 1793, came to New York in 1795, and joined the Society of Friends. He preached extensively in the United States and Canada, also in Haiti, and made four visits to Europe, preaching in England, France, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Russia, Greece, and Italy. He enlisted the friendship of Alexander I. of Russia and induced him to introduce into the Russian schools Biblical selections prepared by himself and his friend, W Allen. He also preached before Pope Pius VII. and urged Protestantism upon him. In 1834, on his return from a three years' tour of Europe, he retired to Burlington. On his missionary journeys he scrupulously defrayed all his expenses, being enabled to do so through successful business ventures in New York City.
Bibliography: B. Seebohm, Memoirs of Stephen Grellet, Philadelphia, 1868.
GRENFELL, BERNARD PYNE : Church of England layman; b. at Birmingham Dec. 16, 1869. He was educated at Clifton College and Queen's College, Oxford, where he has been fellow since 1894, having already been Craven Fellow in 1893- 1894. Since 1895 he has been excavator and joint editor to the Greco-Roman branch of the Egypt Exploration Fund (q.v.), and in this capacity has discovered papyri of the utmost importance, including the famous Logia Jesu. He has edited Revenue Laws of Ptolemy Philadelphus (Oxford, 1896); An Alexandrian Erotic Fragment arid other Greek Papyri, chiefly Ptolemaic (1896); Uncanonical Gospel (1907) and, in collaboration with A. S. Hunt, New Classical Fragments and other Greek and Latin Papyri (Oxford, 1897); Sayings of Our Lord (1897); Menander's Georgos (1897); The Oxyrhynchus Papyri (5 parts, London, 1898-1907) ; Fayum Towns and their Papyri (1900); The Amherst Papyri (2 parts, 1899-1900); The Tebtunis Papyri (2 parts, 1902-07); Greek Papyri in the Cairo Museum (Cairo, 1903); New Sayings of Jesus and a Fragment of a Lost Gospel (London, 1904); The Hitch Papyri, i. (1906).
GRESSMANN, gres'man, HUGO: German Protestant; b. at Molln (17 m. s. of Liibeck) Mar. 21, 1877. He was educated at the universities of Greifswald, Gottingen, Marburg, and Kiel (Ph.D., Gottingen, 1900), and since 1902 has been privat-docent for
Old Testament exegesis and Syriac at the University of Kiel. He has written Ueber die in Jesaia 56-66 vorausgesetzten zeitgeschichtlichen Verhdltnisse (Gottingen, 1899); Studien zu Eusebs Theophanie (Leipsic, 1903); Ursprung der israelitischjudischen Eschatologie (Gottingen, 1905); and Das Evangelium Markus (1907; in collaboration with E. Klostermann).
GRESWELL, EDWARD: English chronologist and harmonist; b. at Denton (5 m. e.s.e. of Manchester), Lancashire, Aug. 3, 1797; d. at Oxford June 29, 1869. He was educated at Brasenose College and Corpus Christi College, Oxford (B.A., 1819; M.A., 1822; B.D., 1830), and was a fellow of Corpus Christi College 1823-69 and vice-president of the college 1840-69. He took part in the controversy precipitated by the appointment, in 1836, of Renn Dickson Hampden to the regius professorship of divinity at Oxford; but otherwise his life at Oxford was uneventful. Some of his works are of high value, the most important being: Dissertations upon the Principles and Arrangement of a Harmony of the Gospels (3 vols., Oxford, 1830; 2d ed., 4 vols, in 5, 1837); Harmonica evangelica (1830; 5th ed., 1855); An Exposition of the Parables (5 vols, in 6, 1834-35); Prolegomena ad harmoniam evangelicam (1840); Fasti temporis catholici and origines kalendarim (4 vols., 1852), followed by two volumes of Fables (1852); Origines Kalendarim Italicce (4 vols., 1854); Origines Kalendarim Hellenicw (6 vols., 1862); and The Three Witnesses, and the Threefold Cord (London, 1862). Bibliography: DNB, xxii. 156.
GRETER, gre'ter (GRETTER, GRAETER) , KAS- PAR: German Lutheran; b. at Gundelsheim (30 m. s.s.w. of Heidelberg) c. 1501; d. at Stuttgart Apr. 21, 1557. In 1519-20 he studied at Heidelberg where he took his bachelor's degree in 1522, and then accepted the position of tutor in the house of Dietrich von Gemmingen. After the latter's death in 1526 he went to Brenz at Hall, and was recommended by him in 1527 to the town council of Heilbronn as a teacher. Here Johann Lachmann (q.v.) entrusted to him the spiritual instruction of the children, and Greter accordingly prepared in 1528 his Catechesis oder underricht der Kinder (enlarged ed., 1530). Against the conservative and libertinist party in Heilbronn he wrote Das der Christlich Glaub der einich gerecht und wahrhaftig sey (Nuremberg, 1530). He also published Drci schoen Psalmen (Ettlingen, 1531), and translated into Latin the work of Brenz on matrimonial questions, under the title Tractatus casuum matrimonialium (Ettlingen, 1536).
On Dec. 8, 1531, Greter was commissioned to treat with the Carmelites on the question of accepting the Reformation, but, feeling the need of more knowledge, he went in Oct., 1533, to Heidelberg, where he took his master's degree on Feb. 10, 1534. He intended at this time to study law, but the Reformation in Wurttemberg (1534) gave his life a new turn. In the fall he was called to the Herrenberg parish, where, in 1536, he prepared a catechism which attempted to reconcile those of Luther and Brenz. Together with other prominent theo-