THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
cates that the regal period is past and that the community has taken the place of the king as the theocratic representative. The poem does not give information regarding the nature of the impending danger which is to bring about the intervention of Yahweh (as in the days of old). This danger can hardly be a drought and failure of the crops, such as is suggested in verses 17-19; hence many recent critics assume that these verses constitute an additional hymn, also by an unknown late author. If this be the case, these two compositions had apparently been written on the same roll and thus came to be used as a single liturgical psalm. Before the canonical limitation of the Psalter this composite psalm was placed alongside the prophecy contained in the first two chapters on account of their general internal kinship.
The first two chapters are not very easily explained as an original unit. It is not plain how the several sections of which they are composed are related to one another; and while it is possible to connect them as is done in the text above, such an explanation seems somewhat forced and is rather to be accepted as tentative than as final. On the other hand, it must be admitted that no alternative view of the composition of the prophecy has as yet met general approval. J. F McCurdy.
Bibliography: F. Delitzsch, Der Prophet Habakkuk, Leipsic, 1843; L. Reinke, Der Prophet Habakuk, Brixen, 1870 (contains full list of earlier works); A. G. Baumgartner, he Prophete Habakkuk, Leipsic, 1885; F. W Farrar, The Minor Prophets, in Men of the Bible Series, London, 1890; F. Giesebrecht, Beitrage zur Jesaiakritik, pp. 170 sqq., Gottingen, 1890; R. Sinker, The Psalm of Habakkuk, Cambridge, 1890; K. Budde, in Expositor, May, 1895; A. B. Davidson, in Cambridge Bible for Schools, 1896; W. Nowack, Die kleinen Propheten, Gottingen, 1897; G. A. Smith, The Book of the Twelve, vol. ii., London, 1898; DB, ii. 269-273; EB, ii. 1921-28; JE, vi. 117-118; B. Duhm, Das Buch Habakkuk, Tubingen, 1906; F. Nicolardot, La Composition du livre d'Habacuc, Paris, 1908.
HABERKORN, ha'bar-kern, PETER: Lutheran theologian and controversialist; b. at Butzbach (24 m. n. of Frankfort), Hesse, May 9, 1604; d. at Giessen Apr. 1676. In 1625 he went to Marburg, where he acquitted himself with such success as to win the approval and friendship of Mentzer. After passing some time at Leipsic and Strasburg, and at Cologne to acquaint himself with the Roman Catholic polemic, he became in 1632 professor of physics at Marburg, but resigned in the following year to become court preacher at Giessen, where in 1650 he was made professor of theology in the reorganized university. After the death of his father-inlaw, Justus Feuerborn, in 1658 he held the rank of senior professor in theology and was the recognized head of the faculty. His importance rests in the fact that he may be said to have held the University of Giessen and with it Upper Hesse faithful to the doctrines of the orthodox Lutheranism. Most noteworthy of his writings against the Roman Catholics is the Vindicatio Lutherance fidei contra Helfericum Ulricum Hunnium (Marburg, 1633). Against the Syncretists he wrote: Fidelis contra Syncretismum instituta admonitio (Giessen, 1665); Enodatio errorum Syncretisticorum (1665); Vindicice Syncretismo Casselano opposite de S. Ccena (1669).
(F. Bosse.)
Bibliography: F. W. Strieder, Grundlage zu einer hetsischen Gelehrten- und Schriftsteller-Geschichte, vol. v., 21 vols., Gottingen, 1781-1868; H. L. J. Heppe, Kirchengeschichte beider Hessen, vol. ii., Marburg, 1878; ADB, vol. x.
HABERMANN, ha'bar-man', JOHANN (JOHAN- NES AVENARIUS) : German Protestant theologian; b. at Eger (92 m. w. of Prague) Aug. 10, 1516; d'. at Zeitz (23 m. s.w. of Leipsic) Dec. 5, 1590. He went over to the Evangelical Church about 1540, studied theology, and filled a number of pastorates. After a brief academic activity at Jena and Wittenberg, in 1575, he accepted a call as superintendent of Naumburg-Zeitz. Though praised by his contemporaries as an Old Testament exegete, his significance lies in the practical field. He published a number of sermons, a Trostbiichlein, a life of Christ, and above all the prayer-book, Christliche Gebettfiir allerley Not und Stende der gantzen Christenheit (Wittenberg, 1567), in which, for the first time, the prayers for various Christian needs were apportioned among the several days of the week. With a few exceptions the prayers are written in plain Biblical language, without ornament. The work was translated into Latin, English (The Enimie of Securitie, London, 1580), and French, and was widely circulated in Protestant circles. Despite its occasional crudities of expression the book is still used; and some of the prayers have passed into church books. Hermann Beck.
Bibliography: Sources are the funeral sermon by J. Oertel, Leipsic, 1591; Zeuner, Vitce professorum Jenensium, i. 88 sqq., Jena, 1711. Consult: H. Beck, Die Erbauungslitteratur der evangelischen Kirche Deutschlandt, i. 270 sqq., Erlangen, 1883; idem, J. Hdbermann, ein Gedenkblatt, Pfarrhaus, 1890.
HABERT, ha"bar', ISAAC: Bishop of Vabres; b. in Paris at the end of the sixteenth century; d. at Pont de Salars, near Rodez (230 m. s.w. of Lyons) Sept. 15, 1668. He was educated in Paris and in 1626, on receiving his doctorate in theology from the Sorbonne, was made a canon in the cathedral at Paris. In 1641, probably at the instigation of Richelieu, he started the attack on Jansenism and subsequently provoked Antoine Arnauld to publish his two apologies for the doctrine, which led to numerous polemic writings pro and con. He was responsible for the letter sent to Pope Innocent X. in 1650, signed by eighty-five bishops, praying him to suppress the Jansenistic heresy. He was bishop of Vabres from 1645 till his death. His principal writings are: De consensu hierarchies et monarchice (Paris, 1640); De cathedru seu primatu sancti Petri (1645); and Theologies grcecorum patrum vindicates circa universam materiam gratice perpetua collatione scripturce conciliorum libri tres (1646;
reprinted, Wiirzburg, 1863), his chief work against Jansenism. Bibliography: J. Besoigne, Hist, de Vabbaye de Port Royal,
vol. vi., Cologne, 1753; C. Clemencet, Hist, generale de
Port Roial, vol. hi., 10 vols., Amsterdam, 1755-57; W. H.
Jervis, The Galilean Church, London, 1872; Lichtenberger,
ESS, vi. 56-57.
HACKET, JOHN: Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield; b. in London Sept. 1, 1592; d. at Lichfield Oct. 28, 1670. He was educated at Westminster School, London, and at Trinity College, Cambridge (B. A., 1612; M.A., 1615), where he was