RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Habakkuk Hadad
elected to a fellowship. He was ordained in 1618 and soon afterward became chaplain to John Williams, through whose patronage he was instituted to the rectories of Stoke Hammond (Buckinghamshire) and Kirkby Underwood in 1621. In 1623 he became proctor for the diocese of Lincoln, prebendary in Lincoln Cathedral, and chaplain to James I., and the following year he received the livings of St. Andrews, Holborn, and Cheam in Surrey. In 1631 he became archdeacon of Bedford, and in 1642 canon residuary of St. Paul's. He was a member of the committee for religion appointed by the House of Lords in Mar., 1641, to reconcile the Puritans by making certain concessions regarding church service and discipline, and in May, 1641, at the request of this committee, he spoke in the House of Commons against the so-called "root and branch " bill for the abolition of all offices connected with the episcopal form of church government. In 1643 he became a member of the Westminster Assembly, but, with other episcopal divines, he soon withdrew from that body. During the civil war he lost all of his preferments except his small benefice at Cheam. At the Restoration he was made chaplain to Charles II., and was consecrated bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, Dec. 22, 1661. He restored the cathedral at Lichfield, a work of eight years, and contributed largely to this and other causes. His only important book is his life of Archbishop Williams, Scrinia reserata: a Memorial Offered to the Great Deservings of John Williams, D.D. (London, 1693; abridged by A. Philips, 1715), an excellent biography, which S. T. Coleridge considered invaluable for the insight it gives into the times preceding the civil war.
Bibliography: T. Plume, An Account of the Life and Death of . . John Hacket, ed. with . Additions and . Notes, by M. E. C. Walcott, London, 1865; John Walker, Sufferings of the Clergy, ib. 1714; Diary of Samuel Pepyt, vol. iii., ib. 1858; DNB, xxiii. 418-420.
HACKETT, HORATIO BALCH: Baptist; b. in Salisbury, Mass., Dec. 27, 1808; d. in Rochester, N. Y., Nov. 2, 1875. He was graduated from Amherst College in 1830 and studied theology at Andover 1830-31 and 1832-34, having been tutor at Amherst during the year 1831-32. Extended studies on infant baptism during his senior year in the seminary shook his confidence in his denomination and prevented him from entering on the work of the Congregational ministry immediately after graduation from the seminary. He was instructor in Mount Hope College, Baltimore, 1834-35 and was immersed in Baltimore in July, 1835. The same year he became professor of languages in Brown University, and in 1839 professor of Biblical literature and interpretation in Newton Theological Institution. He was also ordained to the ministry in 1839. During 1841-42 he studied at Berlin and Halle. Pressure of literary work led him to resign at Newton in 1868. From 1870 till his death he occupied the New Testament chair in Rochester Theological Seminary. His first publications were translations from the German. In 1844 he published an annotated edition of Plutarch's De sera niniums vindicta (Andover, 1844). This was followed by a translation, with improvements, of
Winer's Grammar of the Chaldee Language (1845); a Hebrew Grammar (1847); Commentary on Acts (Boston, 1851; new eds., 1858 and 1877); Illustrations of Scripture; Suggested by a Tour through the Holy Land (1855; also 1868 and 1882); Philemon (1860); Christian Memorials of the War (1864); a translation with additions of Van Oosterzee's Philemon (1868) and of Braune's Philippians (1870) for Schaff's edition of Lange; an edition of Rawlinson's Historical Illustrations of the Old Testament (1873). With Ezra Abbot, he edited the American edition of Smith's Dictionary of the Bible (1868-70). He also collaborated in the Bible version of the American Bible Union (see Bible Societies, III., 2), before which he delivered a memorable address on Bible revision in 1859. (A. H. Newman.)
Bibliography: G. H. Whittemore, Memorials of H. B. Hackett, Rochester, 1876.
HADAD: An Aramaic and possibly an Edomitic deity (see Hadadrimmon). In Hadadezer and Benhadad are probably traces of this divine name, which is certainly preserved in the Old Testament name Hadadrimmon. Hadad alone is the name of an Edomite. As such it is not necessarily derived from the name of the god, for nothing is known of a god Hadad among the Edomites; yet its combination with the name of the god is very natural. The reading in the versions is Hadad and Hadar, but the former is better attested. In the Old Testament the following are mentioned having the name of Hadad: (1) an Edomitic king (Gen. xxxvi. 35, 36; I Chron. i. 46, 47), who smote the Midianites in the territory of Moab. (2) In I Chron i. 50, 51, a later Edomitic king is mentioned. In the parallel passage, Gen. xxxvi. 39, the Massoretic text reads Hadar (with variants Hadad, LXX. reads Arath, Arad). (3) An Edomite of royal descent (I Kings xi. 14-22). He is hardly the same as the Hadad mentioned last. The notices concerning the wife of Hadad in (2) and the time of the kings of Edom in Gen. xxxvi. 31 do not agree with those in the Kings passage. This Hadad might rather be a son or grandson of that one. This one, who was of royal blood, fled in childhood to Egypt when Joab defeated the Edomites. Pharaoh provided for him, and gave him land and also as wife the sister of Queen Tahpenes. At David's death Hadad made an attempt to reconquer his native land. The Hebrew text breaks off suddenly at verse 22, and verse 25 is evidently out of place; it is better, therefore, to suppose that the conclusion of his story has, by a copyist's error, been inserted in the wrong place, and to read at verse 25 with the Septuagint, "This is the evil that Hadad did, and he abhorred Israel, and reigned over Edom." He is not to be confounded with the Hadadezer (I Kings xi. 23) who was king of Zobah. From the Masoretic text I Kings xi. 25 Josephus {Ant. VIII., vii. 6) made the story of a covenant between the Edomite Hadad and the Syrian Rezon, and of the former's elevation to the throne of Syria.
Bibliography: On the whole subject, DB, ii. 273; EB, ii. 1929-1930; JE, vi. 130-131. On Hadad as a divine name E. Nestle, Die israelitischen Eigennamen, 114-116, Haarlem, 1876; E. Schrader, Keilinschriften und Geschichtsforschung, pp. 371-395, 538, Giessen, 1878; idem, KAT, pp. 42, 133, 147, 442 sqq., 538; C. P. Tiele, Bdbylonisch-
Hadadezer Hades