RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Haerter Hafenreffer
Rhegius he declined to accept the issue and was expelled from the city as a man of bad morals, an instigator of sedition and an enemy of the Protestant faith. In his hour of need he sought to make his peace with Zwingli. Traveling to Zurich by way of Basel, he was hospitably received by GEcolampadius, who rendered him assistance in the translation of his First Epistle on the Holy Communion to the Swabians. In Feb., 1526, he arrived in Zurich and was successful in effecting a reconciliation with Zwingli. But soon the newly formed friendship expired, and in March Haetzer returned to Basel more bitter than ever against Zwingli, whom he attacked in the introduction to his translation of the Book of Malachi (Zurich, 1526).
From Basel Haetzer went to Strasburg where he began his translation of the Prophets of which, besides the book of Malachi, two chapters of Isaiah (xxxvi.-xxxvii.) appeared in 1526. At Strasburg he fell under the influence of Denk, whose views of the inner word, of merit, and of the person of Christ acted as a stimulant to the development of Haetzer's own beliefs. Of the works of this period aside from the translation of the Prophets none has survived; but from the fragments that have been preserved it is apparent that especially in his teachings of the person of Christ he goes beyond Denk and reveals a fearlessness and freshness of spirit that is characteristic of the man. In 1526 Denk was expelled from Strasburg and betook himself to the Palatinate. Haetzer followed him thither in the spring of
1527 and there completed his translation of the Prophets from the Hebrew, a work of permanent importance and the first of the Protestant translations, anticipating the Zurich version by two years and that of Luther by five. In the Palatinate, Denk and Haetzer for a time formed a successful partnership for purposes of agitation, in which the former supplied the ideas while the latter had charge of the strategy of the campaign. In July, however, they were forced to flee, and Haetzer, after wandering for nearly a year, settled down in Constance. There he was arrested toward the end of
1528 on the charge of an illicit connection with the wife of Regel, his former patron at Augsburg, and on Feb. 4, 1529, he was condemned to death and decapitated on the following day. His memory was held in reverence by the Anabaptists.
(A. HEGLERf) K. Holl.
[The translation of the Prophets, first published by P Schoffer in 1527, was by Hans Denck and Ludwig Hatzer, the Anabaptist scholars and reformers. It passed through at least thirteen different editions, was extensively used by the Zurich translators, and much of it almost copied, without credit, by Luther in his version. The work has been highly praised for its scholarship and style (cf. V. Keller, Ein Apostel d. Wiedertaufer, pp. 210 sqq.).
A. H. N.]
Bibliography: The best account of Haetzer's life is by T. Keim in Jahrbiicher fur deutscke Theoloqie, 1856, pp. 215 sqq. Consult: J. Beck, Die Geschichtsbucher der Wiedertaufer, in Fontes rerum Austriacarum, xliii. 33-34, Vienna, 1884; A. Baur, Zwinglis Theologie, Halle, 1885-89; C. Beard, Reformation in the Sixteenth Century, London 1897.
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HAEVERNICK, HEINRICH ANDREAS CHRIS- TOPH: German Evangelical theologian; b. at Kropelin (15 m. w. of Rostock), Mecklenburg- Schwerin, Dec. 29, 1811; d. there July 19, 1845. He studied at the universities of Leipsic and Halle, but in 1830 migrated to the University of Berlin, where he came under the influence of Hengstenberg, whose theological trend he adopted. Two years later he was appointed instructor at the theological school founded at Geneva by the Societe Evangelique, and there he published, with W Steiger, the Melanges de theologie reformee (2 parts, 1833-34). In 1834 he settled in Rostock, and three years later was appointed assistant professor at the unversity there, and preacher at the Klosterkirche. In 1841 he was called to the chair of theology at Konigsberg. Havernick was a prolific writer, especially on the history of the Books of the Old Testament; and he was a firm believer in the traditional views concerning their origin. Like Hengstenberg, he believed in the unity and Mosaic origin of the Pentateuch, as well as in the genuineness of the Book of Daniel. His most important works were: Kommentar iiber das Buck Daniel (Hamburg, 1832); Handbuch der historisch-kritischen Einleitung in das Alte Testament (3 vols., Erlangen, 1836-49; Eng. transl. by W Alexander, A General Historico-critical Introduction to the 0. T., Edinburgh, 1852); Neue kritische Untersuchungen uber das Buch Daniel (Hamburg, 1838); Lucubrationes critical ad apocalypsin spectantes (Konigsberg, 1842); Kommentar uber den Propheten Ezechiel (Erlangen, 1843); and Vorlesungen uber die Theologie des Alten Testaments (1848).
(W. VoLCKf.) Bibliography: ADB, xi. 118-119; Evangelisches Gemeindeblatt, 1846, Nos. 35-36; Zeitblatt fur die evangelischlutherische Kirche Mecklenburgs, 1849, Nos. 24, 25, 28.
HAFENREFFER, MATTHIAS: Lutheran; b. at Kloster Lorch (25 m. e. of Stuttgart), Wurttemberg, June 24, 1561; d. at Tubingen Oct. 22, 1619. He studied philosophy and theology at Tubingen, became pastor at Ehningen in 1588 and in 1590 court preacher at Stuttgart. Two years later he was appointed professor of theology at Tubingen. Thoroughly trained in Old Testament learning and the Church Fathers he possessed in addition no mean knowledge of natural science and mathematics and added to his wide attainments the charm of a pious, pacific, and thoroughly unselfish character. Keeping aloof as far as possible from theological controversy he found his true mission in a devotion to his academic duties which gained him the love and remembrance of many of his pupils, among them the astronomer Kepler, Johann Valentin Andrea, and W. Shickard. Noteworthy as casting light on the rectitude of his orthodoxy as well as the versatility of his interests is his correspondence with Kepler, who was accustomed to send his writings to Hafenreffer, his "dearest of preceptors," and invited him to act as arbitrator in his dispute with the church authorities at Linz. Hafenreffer is best known for his Loci Theologici, a handbook of theological science composed at the request of Duke Frederick of Wurttemberg, published at Tubingen in 1600 and issued in revised form in 1603. It is marked by a simplicity and
Hagar Haggai