RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Hag-ar Hag-gai
ever, denied that any agreement had been reached at Augsburg, rejected the submitted program as incorrect and demanded a full and free discussion of their entire confession. It was evident that no common action was possible and on July 16 Ferdinand proposed that the negotiations be postponed to another time and place on account of the absence of the Protestant leaders, the elector John Frederick of Saxony and Philip of Hesse. On July 28 the conference dispersed after deciding upon a new conference at Worms in October. The absolute failure of the negotiations served to emphasize the fact already expressed by Cochlseus that no discussion as to particular doctrines could be of any avail so long as the two parties were irreconcilably opposed in their ideas of the nature of the Church as a whole. (G. Kaweratj.)
Bibliography: Sources are: CR, iii.; G. Burckardk (Georg Spalatin), Annates Reformationis, ed. Cyprian, pp. 381 sqq., 1718. Consult: R. Moses, Die Religionsverhandlungen zu Hagenau und Worms, Jena, 1889; J. Janssen, Geschichte des deutschen Volks, iii. 425 sqq., Freiburg, 1885; F. Dittrich, Regesten und Briefe des . . Gasparo Contarini, pp. 504 sqq., Braunsberg, 1881; M. Spahn, J. Cochlaus, pp. 279 sqq., Berlin, 1898.
HAGENBACH, ha'gen-baH, KARL RUDOLF:
Church historian; b. at Basel Mar. 4, 1801; d. there June 7, 1874. He studied in a Pestalozzian institution from 1808 to 1813 and at the gymnasium of his native city. He was greatly influenced by Herder, and learned to look upon Christ as the perfect man, and not as a metaphysical problem. This ideal rationalism became decisive for his whole theological tendency although it was balanced by a due regard for history and historical development. In 1819 he began his theological studies at Basel, and studied at Bonn and Berlin from 1820 to 1823. In Bonn he was chiefly attracted by Liicke, and in Berlin he was under the influence oi Schleiermacher and Neander. After his return to Basel in 1823, De Wette persuaded him to establish himself as privat-docent at the university where he soon became professor and remained about fifty-one years. He lectured chiefly on church history and the history of dogmas, and it was owing to his, as well as De Wette's, influence that the university entered again into closer touch and a more living union with German Evangelical theology. At the same time Hagenbach served the Church of his native city as member of the council and of the board of higher education. He was also president of the Protestant relief society for Switzerland founded by him and De Wette. He was a powerful preacher, and he also published poems marked by tenderness of feeling and Christian earnestness.
The fundamental views of Hagenbach's theology are based upon the ideas of the "mediating theology." His historical studies led him gradually away from the subjective position of Schleiermacher and De Wette and made him emphasize more strongly the objective realities of revelation. His publications originated in connection with his academic activity, or from similar occasions of a practical nature. His manuals for students have been very popular, especially his Encyklopddie und Methodologie der theologischen Wissenschaften (Leipsic, 1833; 12th ed. by Reischle, 1889; Eng. transl.
adapted by G. R. Crooks and J. F Hurst, Theological Encyclopaedia and Methodology, New York, 1884); Lehrbuch der Dogmengeschichte (1840, 6th ed. by Benrath, 1888; Eng. transl. History of Christian Doctrine, by Buch, Edinburgh, revised and enlarged by H. B. Smith, 2 vols., New York, 1861; new ed., with preface by Plumptre, 3 vols., Edinburgh, 1880); Leitfaden zum christlichen Religionsunterricht (1850, 9th ed. by S. M. Deutsch, 1905); Grundziige der Homiletik und Liturgik (1863). His chief literary work is Kirchengeschichte von der altesten Zeit bis zum neunzehnten Jahrhundert (7 vols., Leipsic, 1869-72; partial transl. History of the Reformation, by Miss E. Moore, 2 vols., Edinburgh, 1878; History of the Church in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, by J. F Hurst, 2 vols., New York, 1869). This work grew from lectures at Basel from 1833; published at first in single parts (Geschichte der Reformation und des Protestantismus, 1834-43, Geschichte der alien Kirche, 1853-55; Geschichte des Mittelalters (1860-61). The characteristic feature of the work is not so much originality and felicity of scientific results as its clear arrangement and attractive compilation, and especially the living connection between theology and life, science and practise, past and present. Of other works may be mentioned, Kritische Geschichte der Entstehung und der Schicksale der ersten Baslerkonfession (Basel, 1827), Sermons (1858, 1875), Ueber die sogenannte V ermittlungstheologie (1858), Ueber Ziel und Richtdunkte der heutigen Theologie (1867), Ueber Glauben und Unglauben (1872); Mein Glaubensbekenntnis und meine Stellung in den theologischen Parteien (1874); Tabellarische Uebersicht der Dogmen-Geschichte bis zur Reformation (new ed. Halle, 1887). Hagenbach was also the editor of the Kirchenblatt fur die reformierte Schweiz (1845-65).
(R. STAHELINf.) Bibliography: An extensive autobiographic sketch remains unpublished; a shorter sketch, also by Hagenbach, appeared with other matter as Erinnerung an K. R. Hagenbach, Basel, 1874, cf. G. A. Finsler, Zur Erinnerung an K. R. Hagenbach, Zurich, 1874; C. F. Eppler, K. R. Hagenbach, Giitersloh, 1875. Consult also P. Schaff, Germany, its Universities, Theology and Religion, p. 403, Philadelphia, 1857.
HAGER, ha'ger, KONRAD: German religious reformer of the fourteenth century. In Feb., 1342, he was tried by the Inquisition at Wurzburg. He admitted that he had opposed the collection of offerings for masses, and also the holding of masses and supplications for the dead, thus alienating many from the teachings of the Church. The trial ended with his recantation; but later he adopted his former heretical views, and, it is said, suffered death at the stake. He is supposed to have been under the influence of Waldensian doctrines.
Herman Haupt.
Bibliography: Monumenta Boica, xl. 381, 386-396, Munich, 1870; H. Haupt, Die religibsen Sekten in Franken vor der Reformation, pp. 20-21, Wurzburg, 1882.
HAGGADAH. See Midrash.
HAGGAI, hag'ga-ai. The tenth in order of arrangement of the Minor Prophets, and the earliest of the post-exilic prophets. The book is an important source for early postexilic history. The contents are in brief as follows: In the second year of
Haggai Hahn