RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Haller Hamann
lived long enough to witness the deliverance of Geneva. He has left no writings. (E. BLOscHf.) Bibliography: Many of Haller's letters are in vols. vii. and viii. of Zwingli's works, ed. Schuler and Schulthess, cf A L. Herminjard, Correspondance des reformateurs, 9 vols.,' Paris, 1878-97 (consult the Indexes). Consult: M Kirchhofer, B. Haller oder die Reformation von Bern, Zurich, 1828; G. J. Kuhn, Die Reformatoren Berns, Bern, 1828; 'C. Pestalozzi, B. Haller, Elberfeld, 1867; S. M. Jackson, Huldreich Zwingli, passim, New York, 1903.
H ALLEY, ROBERT: English non-conformist; b. at Blackheath (5 ra. s.e. of St. Paul's, London) Aug. 13, 1796; d. at Batworth Park, near Arundel (50 m.' s.s.w. of London), Sussex, Aug. 18, 1876. He was educated at the Maze Hill School, Greenwich, and at the Homerton Academy, London, and on June 11, 1822, was ordained pastor of the independent congregation at St. Neots, Huntingdonshire. He was classical tutor in Highbury College during 1826-39, returning then to the ministry as pastor of the Mosley Street Chapel, Manchester. He was principal and professor of theology at New College, St. John's Wood, London, from 1857 to 1872, when he retired to Clapton. His principal works are: The Improved Version Truly Designated a Creed (London, 1834), a reply to a defense by James Yates (q.v.) of an " Improved Version " of the New Testament issued by Unitarians, which secured Halley the degree of D.D. from Princeton; An Inquiry into the Nature of the . Sacraments (2 vols., 1844-51), the Congregational Lecture for 1843 on baptism, and that for 1850 on the Lord's Supper; Baptism the Designation of the Catechumens (1847); and Lancashire : Its Puritanism and Nonconformity (2 vols., 1869; 2d ed., 1872).
Bibliography: A Short Biography, with Select Sermons, ed. R. Halley, London, 1879; DNB, xxiv. 109-110.
HALLOCK, GERARD BENJAMIN FLEET : Presbyterian; b. at Holiday's Cove, W Va., Jan. 28, 1856. He was graduated from Princeton College (A.B., 1882) and Princeton Theological Seminary (1885). He was then pastor of the Wheatland Presbyterian Church, Scottsville, N. Y., until 1890, and since 1890 has been associate pastor of the Brick Presbyterian Church, Rochester, N. Y. Theologically he is an orthodox member of his denomination and accepts all its Scriptural teachings. He has written Upward Steps (Philadelphia, 1899); The Model Prayer (New York, 1900); Sermon Seeds (Reading, Pa., 1900); God's Whispered Secrets (New York, 1901); Beauty in God's Word (Philadelphia, 1902); The Homiletic Year (Cleveland, 1903); Journeying in the Land where Jesus Lived (New York, 1903); Growing Toward God (New York, 1904); The Teaching of Jesus concerning the Christian Life (New York, 1907).
HALLOCK, JOSEPH NEWTON: Congregationalist; b. at Franklinville (now Laurel), N. Y., July 4, 1834. He was educated at Yale (A.B., 1857) and at Yale Divinity School, which he left in 1859 at the end of the middle year. He then taught school on Long Island until 1865 when he became a book publisher in New York City. Since 1880 he has been editor-in-chief of The Christian Work and Evangelist, with which he has been associated editorially since 1876. In 1897 he declined the prof-
fered presidency of Westminster University, Denver, Col. He has written: The Christian Life (New York, 1890); Family Worship (1892); What is Heresy ? (1894); Mormonism (1896); and Life of D. L. Moody (1900).
HALLOCK, WILLIAM ALLEN: American editor and author; b. at Plainfield, Mass., June 2, 1794; d. in New York City, Oct. 2, 1880. He was graduated at Williams in 1819, and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1822. In the latter year he became agent for the New England Tract Society. In 1825 he took a prominent part in organizing the American Tract Society and became its first corresponding secretary, a position which he filled till 1870. Under his care the publications of the society increased greatly in number and usefulness. He edited The American Messenger for forty years, and The Child's Paper for twenty-five years. His publications include a Memoir of Harlan Page (New York, 1835); Life and Labors of the Rev. Justin Edwards (1856); and a number of tracts. Three of these, The Only Son, The Mountain Miller, and The Mother's Last Prayer, together reached a circulation of over a million copies.
Bibliography: Mrs. H. C. Knight, Memorial of Rev. W. A. Hallock, Boston, 1884.
HAM. See Noah; Table of the Nations.
HAMANN, ha'man, JOHANN GEORG: German author, called the " Magician of the North," one of the pioneers in the transition from the eighteenth to the nineteenth century; b. at Konigsberg Aug. 27,1730; d. at Minister June 21, 1788. He received a many-sided but desultory and deficient education, and in 1746 entered the University of Konigsberg, but on account of a defect of speech gave up the study of theology, devoting himself to philosophy, antiquities, critical investigations, and belles-lettres. He then became tutor in a private family and entered into friendship with Johann Christoph Berens, the son of a rich merchant in Riga. Under his influence he studied economics and gained such knowledge of commercial affairs that he was sent with an important secret mission to London. Here he fell in with bad company and lost his money. In his destitution he turned to the Bible and was converted. After fourteen months he went back to Riga, where he was kindly received by the family of Berens, and in 1759 he returned to Konigsberg to nurse his sick fat her. During this period his studies were of astonishing comprehensiveness. Above all he devoted himself to the Bible and Luther's works. Penetrated by the conviction of the high importance of classical antiquity, he strove to master its whole literary tradition and to grasp its leading ideas. He also studied Oriental and modern literature, thus acquiring the most comprehensive knowledge of literature in general of all his contemporaries. After the death of his father in 1766 Kant obtained employment for him in the excise office, which he exchanged in 1777 for an unremunerative office in the custom-house. His life was full of hardships and embarrassments as he was always in financial difficulties and burdened with domestic troubles. His latter days were brightened by the friendship of F. H. Jakobi, with whom he lived during the
Hamas, n
Hamburg