NOMIANISM AND ANTINOMIAN CONTROVERSIES, II).
(T. KOLDE.)
Bibliography: J. J. I. von Dollinger, Reformation, i. 130 sqq., Regensburg, 1851; idem, Beitrage zur ■politischen, kirchlichen und Kulturgeschichte der sechs letzten Jahrhunderte, iii. 105 sqq., Vienna, 1882; F. F. von Soden, Beitrage zur Geschichte der Reformation, p. 354, Nuremberg, 1855; A. Baur, Zwinglis Theologie, ii. 418 sqq., Halle, 1889; W. Friedensburg, in Beitrage zur bayerischen Kirchengeschichte, v. (1899) 167. Prof. Kolde purposes to write a biography.
RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Handicrafts, Hebrew Harmmg-tcm
HANNA, WILLIAM: Free Church of Scotland; b. at Belfast, Ireland, Nov. 26, 1808; d. in London May 24, 1882. He was educated at the universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, was ordained pastor of the parish of East Kilbride, near Glasgow, in 1835, and was translated to the parish of Skirling, Peebleshire, in 1837. He was an active supporter of Thomas Chalmers in the ecclesiastical controversy of the time; and at the disruption of 1843 he joined the Free Church, taking his entire congregation with him. In 1847 he was entrusted with the preparation of the official life of Chalmers, and in the same year he was appointed editor of the North British Review. In 1850 he became the colleague of Thomas Guthrie (q.v.) in the St. John's Free Church, Edinburgh, where he preached to many devoted hearers till his retirement in 1866. His principal works are Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Thomas Chalmers (4 vols., Edinburgh, 1849-52); Wycliffe and the Huguenots (1860); and Our Lord's Life on Earth (6 vols., 1869). He edited The Posthumous Works of Thomas Chalmer ; (9 vols., 1847- 1849); also A Selection from the Correspondence of Thomas Chalmers (1853); and the Letters of Thomas Erskine of Linlathen (2 vols., 1877). Bibliography: DNB, xxiv. 300-301.
HANNAH (Hebr. Hannah, " grace, winsomeness ") : A Hebrew feminine name, occurring in the Bible and Apocrypha in three instances: (1) The mother of the prophet Samuel (q.v.). (2) The wife of Tobit, of the tribe of Nephthali (Tobit i. 9). According to the Vulgate the wife of Raguel bears the same name (Tobit vii. 2, 8, 14, 16, viii. 12; LXX., Edna). (3) A " prophetess " of the tribe of Asher (Luke ii. 36-38, where the English versions reproduce the Greek form Anna). It is said in praise of her that after seven years in marriage she had continued in widowhood to her eighty-fourth year. Being at all times ready and receptive for divine revelations, she could draw near, like Simeon, at the right hour to greet in the infant Jesus the Redeemer of Israel, prefiguring the widows described in I Tim. v. 5. Arnold Ruegg.
Bibliography: DB, ii. 299; JE, vi. 219-220, and the literature cited under Samuel.
HANNAH, JOSEPH ADDISON: Church of England; b. at Warrington (15 m. e. of Liverpool), Lancashire, Dec. 1, 1867 He was educated at Queen's College, Cambridge (B.A., 1890), and, after being assistant master at Warrington Grammarschool in 1890-91, was ordered deacon in 1892, and ordained priest in the following year. He was chaplain and tutor in St. John's College, Battersea (1892-95), and since 1895 has been principal of the Norwich and Ely Diocesan Training College at Norwich.
HANNE, hQn'e, JOHANN WILHELM : German Protestant; b. at Harber (near Luneburg, 68 m. n.n.e. of Hanover) Dec. 29, 1813; d. at Eppendorf (a suburb of Hamburg) Nov. 21, 1889. He attended gymnasiums at Hildesheim and Brunswick, and the universities of Gottingen, Halle, and Berlin, receiving his degree of Ph.D. from Jena in 1840, after having devoted three years to private patristic studies at
Wolfenbuttel. From 1840 to 1848 he was at Brunswick, where he incurred the enmity of the rationalistic clergy of the city, who succeeded in debarring him from position after position, so that, in 1851, he was compelled to accept a country pastorate at the Hanoverian village of Betheln. He removed to a similar position at Salzhemmendorf in 1854. His fortune changed, however, in 1861, when he was called to Greifswald as pastor of St. James's and also as professor of practical theology at the university of the same city. He retained these positions until his retirement from active life in 1886, after which he spent the remainder of his life at Eppendorf.
Hanne's theological position was essentially positive, although his poetic and philosophical tendencies brought him into frequent conflict with the strictly orthodox as well as with the rationalists. At a later period he entered the Protestantenverein, but in his concluding years he maintained a distinctly irenic attitude, particularly toward younger colleagues whose views differed essentially from his own. His writings comprise the following works :
Rationalismus und speculative Theologie in Braunschweig (Brunswick, 1838); Festreden an Gebildete iXber das Wesen des christlichen Glaubens, inbesondere uber das Verhaltnis der geschichtlichenPerson Christi zur Idee des Christentums (1839); Friedrich Schleiermacher als religioser Genius Deutschlands (1840); Sokrates als Genius der Hurnanitixt (1841); Der moderne Nihilismus und die Strauss7 sche Glaubenslehre im Verhaltnis zur Idee der christlichen Religion (Bielefeld, 1842); Anti-orthodox, oder gegen Buchstabendienst und Pfaffentum und fur den freien Geist der Humanitat und des Christentums (Brunswick, 1846); Der freie Glaube im Kampf mil den theologischen Halbheiten unsrer Tage (1846); Religiose Mahnungen zur Suhne (1848); Vorhofe zum Glauben, oder das Wunder des Christentums im, Einklange mit Vernunft und Natur (3 parts, Jena, 1850-51); Zeitspiegelungen (Hanover, 1852); Bekenntnisse, oder drei Bucher vom Glauben (1861); Die Idee der absoluten Personlichkeit, oder Gott und sein Verhaltnis zur Welt, inbesondere zur menschlichen Personlichkeit (2 vols., 1861-62); Die Zeit der deutschen Freiheitskriege in ihrer Bedeutung fur die Zukunft des Reiches Gottes und seiner Gerechtigkeit (1863); Anti-Hengstenberg (Elberfeld, 1867); Der Geist des Christentums (1867); Die christliche Kirche nach ihrer Stellung und Aufgabe im Reiche der Sittlichkeit (Berlin, 1868); and Die Kirche im neuen Reiche (1871). (O. ZoCKLERf.)
Bibliography: His own Drei Bucher vom Glauben, pp. 79- 122, Hanover, 1865, contains autobiographical material.
HANNINGTON, JAMES: Anglican missionary bishop of Eastern Equatorial Africa; b. at Hurstpierpoint (8 m. from Brighton), England, Sept. 3, 1847; d. in Uganda, Africa, Oct. 29, 1885. He studied at St. Mary's Hall, Oxford (B.A., 1873; M.A., 1875; D.D., 1884); was ordained deacon and became curate at Martinhoe and Trentishoe 1874, and of St. George's, Hurstpierpoint, 1875; was ordained priest 1876. In 1882 he offered himself to the Church Missionary Society for the Central Africa mission at Rubaga for a period of five years, was accepted, and reached Msalala on the Victoria Nyanza the same year, when a severe illness compelled his return. He resumed his duties at Hurstpierpoint, but in 1884 was offered the bishopric named above, then newly created, accepted it, was consecrated June 24, 1884, and sailed the same year, reaching Mombasa Jan. 24, 1885. He determined to open up a new road by a healthier route through
Hanover Hardenberg