RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Hengrstenberg' Henke
during the period of the Reformation. Minor exegetical works are Geschichte Bileams und seine Weissagungen (Berlin, 1842), Hohelied Salomonis (Berlin, 1853), Prediger Salomo (Berlin, 1858; Eng. transl. Commentary on the Book of Ecclesiastes, to which are appended Treatises on the Song of Solomon the Book of Job, the Prophet Isaiah, the Sacrifices of Holy Scripture, the Jews and the Christian Church, Edinburgh, 1860), and Weissagungen des Propheten Ezechiels (Berlin, 1867-68; Eng. transl., The Prophecies of Ezekiel, Edinburgh, 1869). Allied with his studies in the Hebrew prophets are the Ofjenbarung des heiligen Johannes (2 vols., Berlin, 1849-51; Eng. transl., The Revelation of St. John, 2 vols., Edinburgh, 1851-52), and Evangelium des heiligen Johannes (Berlin, 1861-64; Eng. transl., Commentary on John, 2 vols., Edin-
burgh, 1865). His Beitrage zur Einleitung ins Alte Testament (Berlin, 1831; Eng. transl., Genuineness of the Pentateuch, 2 vols., Edinburgh, 1847; Genuineness of Daniel and Integrity of Zechariah, ib. 1848) examine critically the prophecies of Zechariah and Daniel and maintain the authenticity of the Pentateuch. Other writings are Geschichte des Reiches Gottes unter dem Alten Bunde (2 vols., Berlin, 1869-71; Eng. transl., History of the Kingdom of God under the Old Testament, 2 vols., Edinburgh, 1871-72), Ueber den Tag des Herrn (Berlin, 1852; Eng. transl., The Lord's Day, Edinburgh, 1853), and Die Opfer der heiligen Schrift (Berlin, 1859). His Egypt and the Books of Moses appeared in Eng. transl., Edinburgh, 1843.
(J. BACHMANNf.) Bibliography: J. Bachmann, Hengstenberg, sein Leben und Wirken, 2 vols., Giitersloh, 1876-79. An impartial estimate is given by J. E. Jorg, Geschichte des Protestantismus, i. 22, Freiburg, 1858. Adverse judgments are given in D. Schulz, Das Wesen und Treiben der Berliner Evangelischen Kirchenzeitung, Breslau, 1839; A. Miiller, Hengstenberg und die Evangelische Kirchenzeitung, Berlin, 1857; F. Nippold, Neueste Kirchengeschichte, v. 391 sqq., Leipsic, 1906; F. C. Baur, Kirchengeschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts, pp. 228 sqq., Tubingen, 1862. Appreciative are: F. Delitzsch, Die biblisch-vrophetische Theologie und ihre Entwickelung seit der Christologie Hengsten-
bergs, pp. 164 sqq., Leipsic, 1845; P. Schaff, Germany, its Universities, Theology and Religion, pp. 300-320, Philadelphia, 1857; K. F. A. Kahnis, Zeugnis von den Grundwahrheiten des Protestantismus gegen Dr. Hengstenberg, Leipsic, 1862.
HENHOEFER, hen"hfjf 'er, ALOYS : German theologian; b. at Volkersbach (near Carlsruhe) July 11, 1789; d. at Spock (near Carlsruhe) Dec. 5, 1862. He was born of Roman Catholic parents, and in 1811 entered the University of Freiburg, later attending the seminary at Meersburg, where he was ordained priest. After acting for three years as a private tutor, he was appointed to the parish of Miihlhausen in 1818. His sermons soon began to show a marked Evangelical tendency, deepened by his reading of Boos's pamphlet Christus fur uns und in uns. Henhofer made many enemies, however, and the episcopal vicar at Bruchsal requested him to vindicate himself. In reply he published his Christliches Glaubensbekenntnis des Pfarrers Henhofer von Muhlhausen (Heidelberg, 1823), which caused his excommunication from the Roman Catholic Church. Together with many members °f his former congregation, he joined the Evangel- V.-15
ical Church, and was installed as pastor of Graben (near Carlsruhe) in 1823. Four years later he was appointed to the pastorate of Spock, where he officiated for thirty-five years. Together with several young theologians, whom he had converted, he published a signed protest against a new catechism which had been introduced by the church authorities, which was characteristic of their lukewarm spirit. This pamphlet, published in 1830, and entitled Der neue Landeskatechismus der evangelischen Kirche des Grossherzogtums Baden, gepruft nach der heiligen Schrift und den symbolischen Buchern, became immensely popular, and gave rise to a lively controversy, in which even a Catholic clergyman took part, only to be refuted by Henhofer in his Biblische Lehre vom Heilswege und von der Kirche (Speyer, 1832), while only the Christliche Mitteilungen, of which he was one of the founders, aided his Evangelical propaganda.
The French Revolution of 1830, and the inner disturbances which agitated Germany in 1848 and 1849, caused a religious upheaval in Baden in favor of liberalism, and Henhofer was compelled to flee to Stuttgart. During the latter years of his life he published Baden und seine Revolution. Ursache und Heilung (anonymously); Die wahre katholische Kirche und ihr Oberhaupt (Heidelberg, 1845); Das Abendmahl des Herrn oder die Messe, Christentum und Papsttum, Diamant oder Glas (Stuttgart, 1852); Die Christliche Kirche und die Concordat (Carlsruhe, 1860); and Der Kampf des Unglaubens mit Aberglauben und Glauben, ein Zeichen unserer Zeit (Heidelberg, 1861). (K. F. Ledderhose-)-.)
Bibliography: E. Frommel, Aus dem Leben des Dr. Aloys
Henhofer, Carlsruhe, 1865; F. von Weech, Badische Bio-
graphien, 2 vols., Darmstadt, 1875.
HENKE, ERNST LUDWIG THEODOR : Professor of theology at Marburg; b. at Helmstedt Feb. 22, 1804; d. at Marburg Dec. 1, 1872. He was the youngest son of Heinrich Philipp Konrad Henke (q.v.), studied in Helmstedt, at the Collegium Carolinum in Brunswick, at Gottingen (1822-24), and at Jena. In 1826 he became privat-docent in Jena, lecturing on church history and the New Testament. In 1828 he was appointed professor at the Collegium Carolinum in Brunswick, where he lectured on theological encyclopedia, church history, isagogics, logic, and history of philosophy. In 1833 he became professor of exegesis and church history at Jena. In 1836 he removed to Wolfenbiittel as councilor of the consistory and director of the theological seminary; as a partial fulfilment of his duties here he lectured on Biblical theology and the epistles of Paul, and directed the practical exercises of the candidates for the ministerial office. In 1839 he followed a call to Marburg; he lectured on homiletics, liturgies, church history, history of dogma, Biblical theology, and propedeutics, assumed the leadership of the Homiletical Society, and in 1843 was entrusted with the superintendency of the Seminariurn Philippinum; in 1848 he became also first librarian of the university library.
Henke ;s theology was the result of his comprehensive studies in church history and philosophy. He considered the dualism of faith and science an essential factor of the human mind; a higher unity
Henke
Henry of Kalkar