THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
may be postulated, but it can not be realized. His broad theological views made it impossible for him to look with favor upon confessional particularism and Pietistic narrowness. He advocated the right of the Evangelical Union in the fullest and broadest sense." In religion, he maintained, love and gratitude toward Christ must find expression in different formulas according to the different states of religious knowledge. Owing to his consistent separation of religion and theology, he considered it the right and duty of science to test and change the transmitted systems of religion.
Henke 's literary productions were numerous. The most important in the sphere of church history was Georg Calixtus und seine Zeit (2 vols., Halle, 1853- 1860). He issued several addresses and memorials of deceased teachers and colleagues. The Evangelical Union was treated by him in Das Verhaltnis Luthers und Melanchthons zu einander (Marburg, 1860). He also wrote Das Unionskolloquium zu Kassel im Juli 1661 (1861); Spener's pia desideria und ihre Erfilllung (1862); Schleiermacher und die Union (1869). With his pupil Lindenthal he issued the first edition of Abelard's Sic et Non (1851), and he was a diligent contributor to the Hallische Encyklopadie, Konversationslexicon der Gegenwart and the first edition of the Herzog Realencyklopddie.
(W J. Mangold-)-.)
Bibliography: W. J. Mangold, E. L. T. Henke, ein Gedenkblatt, Marburg, 1879; J. Giinther, Lebensskizzen der Professoren der Universitat Jena, pp. 37 sqq., Jena, 1858.
HENKE, hen'ke, HEINRICH PHILIPP KON- RAD: Professor of theology at Helmstedt; b. at Hehlen (on the Weser, near Hameln), in Brunswick, July 3, 1752; d. at Helmstedt May 2, 1809. He attended school in Brunswick, and in 1772 entered the University of Helmstedt. In 1777 he became professor of philosophy, and lectured on the classics, history of literature and philosophy, logic and esthetics, devoting, however, some time also to instruction in theological branches. In 1780 he became professor of theology, in 1795 abbot of the monastery of Michaelstein, which had been transformed into an Evangelical seminary, in 1800 general superintendent, in 1803 abbot of Konigslutter, and in 1804 vice-president of the consistory and superintendent of the Collegium Carolinum, without, however, interrupting his work as professor at Helmstedt.
Henke found his way to theology by his humanistic, philological, and philosophical studies. His aversion to orthodoxy, however, did not exclude the most faithful and vital reverence for Christ; he could not help acknowledging in the greatness and beauty of ancient philosophy and poetry traces and gifts of God. In the human history of Christ he saw his divinity and the deeds of him who had sent him. Thus he was inclined to trace the unevangelical disfigurement of original simplicity not only to the fourth and fifth centuries, but to much earlier phases of theological development. He wrote a church history (6 vols., Brunswick, 1799- 1808). His dogmatics, Lineamenta institutionum fidei Christiana historico-criticarum (Helmstedt, 1793), was written from the point of view of opposing the unpolluted Christianity of the earliest times
to the whole later development of doctrine as a
perversion of primitive faith. (E. Henke+ )
Bibliography: A life was written by two of his pupils G
K. Bollmann and W. Wolff, Helmstedt, 1816, and a notice
by his youngest son in Ersch and Gruber, II., v. 308-314
HENOTICON, THE: The " decree of union " or " instrument of union," probably drawn up by Acacius, patriarch of Constantinople, and issued by the Emperor Zeno (482) for the purpose of reconciling the Monophysite and orthodox divisions of the Church. It satisfied neither party. In the East it was made obligatory on all bishops and teachers. In the West it was anathematized by Felix II., and a schism of forty years followed, until the death of Anastasius (518); his successor, Justin belonged to the orthodox side and suffered the Henoticon to fall into disuse without formally repealing it. See Monophysites, § 6.
Bibliography: KL, v. 1770-74 (where the substance and part of the text is given in Latin); Neander Christian Church, ii. 588-590, 592.
HENRICIANS: A name given to the foUowers of Henry of Lausanne (q.v.).
HENRIQUEZ, an"ri"kes', HENRICUS : 1. Portuguese Jesuit; b. at Oporto 1536; d. at Tivoli (19 m. e.n.e. of Rome), Italy, Jan. 28, 1608. He entered the Society of Jesus at the age of sixteen, and taught with distinction at several Jesuit colleges, attaining the zenith of his fame at Salamanca. There he published, in 1590, his De clavibus ecclesice, which was condemned by the papal nuncio at Madrid for its anticurial tendencies. A still greater sensation was caused by his Summa iheologice moralis (3 vols., Salamanca, 1591-93), a commentary on those portions of the Summa of Thomas Aquinas which treat of moral theology. In an excursus, De fine hominum, appended to the section on the Sacraments, Henriquez sharply attacked the doctrine of grace propounded by his fellow Jesuit Molina (q.v.). The violence of his polemic caused Aquaviva, then general of the Jesuits, to forbid him to write. Thereupon, he appealed to a general council, yet refused to obey its summons until, in 1594, he was carried forcibly to Rome. He was sentenced to leave the Jesuit order, but was allowed to become a Dominican. Nevertheless, after making his novitiate in the latter order, he returned to the Jesuits, among whom he spent the remainder of his life. In 1603 those sections of his Summa which discussed the Sacraments were placed upon the Index donee corrigatur. As a casuistic moralist, Henriquez contributed much to the probabilistic tradition of the Jesuits (see Probabilism), although he was free from any suspicion of laxity.
2. A second Jesuit Henricus Henriquez, older than the one just discussed, worked as a missionary in Portuguese India for thirty-four years, and died in 1600 after publishing a Malabar grammar and several religious works. (O. ZocKLERf-) Bibliography: N. Antonio, Bibliotheca Hispana vetus, i. 563, Rome, 1672; H. Hurter, Nomenclator literarius recentioris tkeologiw catholicce, i. 413, ii. OSS, Innsbruck, 1881; F. Reusch, Index der verbotenen Biicher, ii. 309 sqq.. Bonn, 1885; G. H. Putnam, Censorship of the Church, vol. ii., chap, ii., New York, 1906; KL, v. 1774-79.
HENRY IV.: King of France. See Huguenots, §9.