RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Herod and His Family
longer, but was a happy one for his subjects. When at Jerusalem he observed scrupulously the ceremonial law and became beloved even by the Pharisees, though he patronized Greek culture and games outside the distinctively Jewish part of his realm. The persecution of Christians (Acts xii. 1-3) was doubtless a part of his general policy of placating the Jews. At his death the Romans regarded his son Agrippa, then only seventeen years of age, as yet too young to be entrusted with the control of so difficult an aggregation of peoples as then inhabited the kingdom which had been his father's. Accordingly Palestine passed over wholly into Roman control until five years later, when it was given to Agrippa II.
Herod of Chalcis, own brother of Agrippa I., was
made king of Chalcis by Claudius on the latter's
accession because of his friendship for
5. Herod Agrippa. His son, Aristobulus, was of Chalcis, made king of Chalcis in 52, of Armenia Aristobulus, Minor in 55, and of Armenia Major in
and 61 . His wife was Salome, daughter of Agrippa II. Herodias. Agrippa II. (50-100 a.d.),
son of Agrippa I., was appointed by Claudius king of Chalcis after his uncle Herod, and had control of the temple and the appointment of the high priest. He served the Jews by having Ananias the high priest and Ananus, the commander of Jerusalem, acquitted of a charge of rebellion brought by the Roman Cumanus. In 53 a.d. he gave up Chalcis and took the tetrarchy which had belonged to Philip, and later was given by Nero parts of Peraea and Galilee. He was adroit and diplomatic, gained and kept favor with Jewish leaders, in spite of arbitrary action as to the highpriesthood, yet in the Jewish war fought on the Roman side.
Herod Philip, son of Herod the Great by the second Mariamne (of Jerusalem), was left out of the
succession owing to his mother's in-
6. Herod fluence against him, lived a private life Philip, in Rome, was the husband of Herodias
Herodias, before Antipas married her, and father Salome, by her of Salome who pleased Antipas Bernice, and asked the head of John the Bap- Drusilla. tist. This is his one claim to distinction. The women of the family who figured in history were Herodias (see above, II., § 2); her daughter Salome, who married, first, Herod Philip the tetrarch, and then Aristobulus, son of Herod of Chalcis, to the latter of whom she bore three children, Herod, Agrippa, and Aristobulus; Bernice, oldest daughter of Agrippa L, who married the Herod who became king of Chalcis in 44 a.d., and later Polemon, king of Cilicia (she is the Bernice of Acts xxv.-xxvi., and was charged with illicit relations with her brother Agrippa I . and with Titus, the conqueror of Jerusalem); and Drusilla, youngest daughter of Agrippa I. She married Azizus, king of Emesa, deserted her husband, and married the Gentile Felix the Procurator, and had a son by him, Agrippa (cf. Acts xxiv. 24). The other members of the family are mentioned in the genealogical table. Geo. W Gilmore.
Bibliography: The principal sources are Josephus, Ant., XIV.-XX., War, i. 10-30; and the fragments of Nicolas
of Damascus, in C. Miiller, Fragmenta historicorum Grmcorum, iii. 343-464, iv. 661-664, Paris, 1849-51. Of later works there is nothing to compare with Schiirer, Geschichte, i. 360-600, 707-725, Eng. transl., I., i. 400-ii. 206, 325-344 (contains very full lists of literature, especially in the foot-notes, where sources and later discussions are named). In general the subject is treated in the works on the history of the Jews, particularly those by Ewald, Gratz, Hitzig, and Renan. Consult further: T. Lewin, Fasti sacri, pp. 62-167, London, 1865; J. Derenbourg, Essai sur I'hist. . de la Palestine, Paris, 1867; F. de Saulcy, Hist. d'Herode, Paris, 1867; idem, Etude chronologique de la vie et des monnaies des . . Agrippa I. et II., ib. 1869; A. Hausrath, Neutestamentliche Zeitgeschichte, vol. i., Heidelberg, 1868; Brann, Die Sbhne des Herodes, in Monatsschrift fur Geschichte , des Juden-
thums, xxi. 1873; idem, Agrippa II., ib. xix (1870'), 433- 444, 529-548, xx (1871), 13-28; C. T. Keim, Geschichte Jesu von Nazara, vol. i., Zurich, 1875, Eng. transl., London, 1876; F. W. Madden, Coins of the Jews, ib. 1881; J. Destinon, Die Quellen des Josephus, vol. i., Kiel, 1882; J. Vickers, The Hist, of Herod, London, 1885 (a vindication); A. Reville, Herodes der Grosse, in Deutsche Revue, 1893; F. W. Farrar, The Herods, London, 1897; DB, ii. 353-362; EB, ii. 2023-42; JE, vi. 356-360.
HEROD IANS: A Jewish party in the time of Christ. They are mentioned in the Gospels in connection with the Pharisees as enemies of Jesus (Matt. xxii. 16; Mark iii. 6, xii. 13). Those who hold with some of the Fathers (Tertullian, Philastirus, Epiphanius) that they were a separate Jewish sect are certainly wrong. They were probably a political party, " the adherents of Herod," as Josephus called them (Ant. XIV., xv. 10). They were opposed to Christ, since they misunderstood the nature and purpose of his kingdom.
(F. SlEFFERT.) Bibliography: C. T. Keim, Jesus of Nazara, iii. 157 sqq., 6 vols., London, 1873-82; E. Kenan, Life of Jesus, chap, xxi., London, n.d.; DB, ii. 362; EB, ii. 2043; JE, vi. 360; and, in general, works on the life of Christ.
HERRICK, GEORGE FREDERICK: Congregational missionary; b. at Milton, Vt., Apr. 13, 1834. He was graduated at the University of Vermont (1856) and Andover Theological Seminary (1859). Since that year he has been a missionary of the American Board, and was likewise a professor in the Mission Theological Seminary in 1870-93, president of Anatolia College in 1890-93, and joint superintendent of the publications of the Turkish branch of his society in 1893-1903. He was also a member of the committee for the translation and revision of the Bible in Turkish in 1873-78 and 1883-85, and sole responsible editor of the same undertaking in 1898-1902. Theologically he is a conservative liberal. He has written in English Life of Rev. A. T Pratt, M.D. (Chicago, 1890), and in Turkish and Armenian works on " Church History " (Constantinople, 1873; also in Greco- Turkish, 1891); "Natural Theology" (1886); " Belief and Worship " (1886); " Introduction to Old Testament History and Prophecy " (1896; both Turkish and Armenian); Sunday-school notes covering the most of the books of the Bible (1895- 1907).
HERRITES. See Mennonites.
HERRMANN, JOHANN GEORG WILHELM : German Protestant; b. at Melkow, near Magdeburg, Dec. 6, 1846. He studied at the University of Halle 1866-70, and four years later, after serving in
Herrnhut Herzog