§§ 12-19. 29 sqq. On the origin and sequence
of the legislation, and on the congruity between the pentateuchal law and the history of the people, Green's works ut sup. and his article on Critical Views respecting the Mosaic Tabernacle, in Presbyterian and Reformed Review, 1894, pp. 69 sqq. On the national sanctuary, and on the early distinction between priest and Levite, Green ut sup.; A. van Hoonacker, Le Lieu du culte (Ghent, 1894); idem, Le Sacerdoce levitique, Louvain, 1899. On monotheism among the early Hebrews, J. Robertson, Early Religion of Israel, Edinburgh, 1892; A. Dillmann, Alttestamentliche Theologie, Leipsic, 1895; B. Baentsch, Altorientalischen u. israelitischen M onotheismus , Tubingen, 1906. On the stage of religious development during the early monarchy, J. Robertson, Poetry and Religion of the Psalms, Edinburgh, 1898. On the incompatibility between the prophetic teaching and the newer theories concerning the origin and growth of the religion of Israel, G. Vos, Recent Criticism of the Early Prophets, in Presbyterian and Reformed Review, 1898 and 1899. A survey and estimate of the entire argument is found in J. Orr, Problem of the Old Testament, London, 1906; and a lawyer's study of the legislation and its criticism is contained in two articles by Wiener in the Princeton Theological
Reviews, 1907, pp. 188, 605. T ^ T.
John D. Davis.
Bibliography: For a review of the criticism consult J. Kley, Die Pentateuchfrage, ihre Geschichte und ihre Systeme, Minister, 1903; H. L. Strack, Einleitung in das Alte Testament, §§ 4-15, 6th ed., Munich, 1906, and for literature, §§ 95-96. For English students, if not for all, the best presentation of the evidence for the documentary hypothesis is J. E. Carpenter and G. Harford- Battersby, The Hexateuch according to the R. V„ arranged in its Constituent Documents with Introduction, Notes, Marginal References and Synoptical Tables, 2 vols., London, 1900. The literature is immense, and the followinc is a selection including the most notable and influential works: A. Kuenen, Historischkritisch onderzoek naar het ontstaan en de verzameling van de boeken des ouden verbonds, 3 vols., Leyden, 1861-65, Eng. transl., Historico-
RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Hexateuch Heylyn
critical Inquiry into the Origin and Composition of the Hexateuch, London, 1886; J. W. Colenso, The Pentateuch and . . . Joshua critically Examined, 7 parts, London, 1862-79; L. Horst, Leviticus xvii.-xxvi. und Hezekiel, Colmar, 1881; E. C. Bissell, The Pentateuch, its Origin and Structure, New York, 1885 (conservative); W. H. Green, Moses and the Prophets, New York, 1883; idem, The Hebrew Feasts in their Relation to Recent Critical Hypotheses, ib. 1885; idem, The Higher Criticism of the Pentateuch, ib. 1895; Unity of Genesis, 1895. (Professor Green was the representative exponent in America of the defense of Mosaic authorship); A. Weill, Le Pentateuque selon Moxse et le Pentateuque selon Esra, Paris, 1885; J. P. P. Martin, Introduction a la critique generate de I' A. T., 3 vols., Paris, 1887-89 (only the Pentateuch); A. Westphal, Les Sources du Pentateuque, etude de critique et d'Mstoire, 3 vols., Paris, 1888-92; J. Wellhausen, Die Composition des Hexateuchs, Berlin, 1889; Prolegomena, Berlin, 1899, Eng. transl. of early ed., Edinburgh, 1885; E. Albers, Die Quellenberichte in Josua i.-xii., Bonn, 1890; E. Kautzsch and A. Socin, Die Genesis mit ausserer Unterscheidung der Quellenschriften ubersetzt, Freiburg, 1891; H. E. Ryle, Early Narratives of Genesis, London, 1892 (illuminating); W. E. Addis, The Documents of the Hexateuch, 2 vols., London, 1892-98 (exhibits the documents reunited); B. Baentsch, Das Bundesbuch, Halle, 1892; idem, Das Heiligkeitsgesetz, Lev. xvii.-xxvi., Erfurt, 1893; B. W. Bacon, The Genesis of Genesis, Hartford, 1892; idem, The Triple Tradition of Exodus, ib. 1894; Lex Mosaica: Moses and the Higher Criticism, London, 1895 (a composite volume of anti critical essays); F. Montet, La Composition de I'Hexateuque, Geneva, 1895; S. C. Bartlett, Veracity of the Hexateuch: a Defence, New York, 1897; C. A. Briggs, The Higher Criticism of the Hexateuch, New York, 1897; idem and F. von Huge], The Papal Commission and the Pentateuch, London, 1906 (Dr. Briggs summarizes the evidence against Mosaic authorship; Von Hugel speaks for the Roman Catholic position); B. Stade, Akademische Reden und Abhandlungen, Giessen, 1899; C. F. Kent, Student's O. T., vol. i., New York, 1904 (a useful volume); R. H. McKim, The Problem of the Pentateuch: an Examination of the Results of the Higher Criticism, ib. 1906; A. Gordon, Die Bezeichnungen der pentateuchischen Gesetzklassen des Mosaismus, Frankfort, 1906; O. Procksh, Das nordhebraische Sagenbuch: die Elohimquelle, Leipsic, 1906; A. Klostermann, Der Pentateuch . . . V erstandniss und Entstehungsgeschichte, ib. 1907; J. Krautlein, Die sprachlichen Verschiedenheiten in den H exateuchquellen, Leipsic, 1908; B. D. Eerdmans, Die Komposition der Genesis, Giessen, 1908; DB, ii. 363-376, and EB, ii. 2045-58 (neither is to be overlooked as convenient summaries of the critical position); JE, ix. 589-592; Smith, OTJC ; a series of articles constituting a defense of the conservative view of the Pentateuch, by H. M. Wiener, in Bibliotheca sacra, 1908-1909; and the treatises on the Introduction to the Old Testament, such as Driver, and W. H. Bennett, London, 1899.
Commentaries on the Pentateuch which are important for the history of the subject are J. S. Vater, 3 vols., Halle, 1803-05; M. Baumgarten, vol. i., Kiel, 1843-44;' C. F. Keil, 3 vols., Leipsic, 1870-78; A. Dillmann, 3 vols., ib. 1880-97, Eng. transl. of Genesis, 2 vols., Edinburgh! 1897; Kurzgefasster Kommentar, Gen.— Numbers, by H. L. Straek, Munich, 1894, Genesis, 2d ed., 1905, Deuteronomy- Judges by S. Oettli, ib. 1893; Handkommentar, Genesis, by H. Gunkel, Gottingen, 1902, Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers by B. Baentsch, ib. 1903, Deuteronomy and Joshua by C. Steuernagel, ib. 1900; Kurzer Hand- Commentar, Genesis, Exodus, Numbers, and Joshua by H. Holzinger, 4 vols., Tubingen, 1898-1903, Leviticus and Deuteronomy by A. Bertholet, ib. 1899-1901; International Critical Commentary, Numbers by G. B. Gray, New York, 1903, Deuteronomy by S. R. Driver, ib. 1895. On the Roman Catholic side: Cursus scriptural sacra;, Genesis- Deuteronomy by F. de Hummelauer, 4 vols., Paris, 1895-1901. On the Jewish side: M. M. Kalisch, Genesis-Leviticus, 3 vols., London, 1855-85; S. R. Hirsch, 5 vols., Frankfort, 1893-1895. Commentaries on individual books are: F. Tuch, on Genesis, ed. Arnold and Merx, Halle, 1871 (on the supplementary hypothesis); F. Delitzsch, on Genesis, Leipsic, 1887; Genesis by S. R, Driver, London, 1904; D. Hoffmann, Das Buch Levit-
icus, 2 parts, Berlin, 1905-06; Joshua by F. W Spurling, London, 1901; A. R. Gordon, The Early Traditions of Genesis, Edinburgh, 1907 (masterly, though covering only part of the book); Exodus, by A. H. McNeile, London, 1908. SBOT should also be consulted, of which Genesis by C. J. Ball, Leviticus by S. R. Driver and H. A. White, Numbers by J. A. Paterson, and Joshua by W. H. Bennett have been published.
HEYLYN, PETER: English controversialist and church historian; b. at Burford (16 m. w.n.w. of Oxford), Oxfordshire, Nov. 29, 1600; d. in London May 8, 1662. He studied at Magdalen College, Oxford (B.A., 1617; M.A., 1620; B.D., 1629; D.D., 1633), and held a fellowship there (1618-29). He was made chaplain to the king in 1630, prebendary of Westminster Cathedral 1631, treasurer of the chapter in 1637, and subsequently subdean. In 1633 he was presented by Charles I. to the benefice of Houghton in the bishopric of Durham, which he exchanged for Alresford, Hampshire. In 1637 he was presented to the living of Islip, Oxfordshire. This he at once exchanged for the living of South Warren, Hampshire.
In the religious controversies preceding the civil war Heylyn proved a stanch supporter of the king and the High-church party. On account of the bitterness he had shown toward the Puritans he was singled out for punishment by the committees of the Long Parliament. He was deprived of preferments worth £800, and heavily fined; and his parsonage at Alresford was stripped of its contents, including his valuable library. To escape arrest he was forced to wander in various disguises till 1648, when he settled at Minster Lovel, Oxfordshire, the home of an elder brother. In 1653 he removed to Lacy's Court, near Abingdon. At the Restoration he regained his former important position in the councils of the Church, and would have been made a bishop but for physical infirmity. As subdean he attended the coronation of Charles II., Apr. 23, 1661, and on May 29 following he preached at Westminster Abbey a jubilant sermon on the return of Charles. He was an inveterate polemist, and was inclined to find Puritan tendencies even in the works of his fellow churchmen. Of his numerous writings, which are generally marred by prejudice and controversial rancor, the more important are: Microcosmos (Oxford, 1625), his once famous lectures at Oxford on geography, which he enlarged into Cosmography (London, 1652); The History of St. George of Cappadocia (London, 1631); Extraneus Vapulans (1656), directed against Hamon l'Estrange and Nicholas Bernard, his cleverest piece of controversial writing; Ecclesia restaurata, or the History of the Reformation of the Church of England (1661; ed. J. C. Robertson for the Ecclesiastical History Society, 2 vols., Cambridge, 1849), his best book, but strongly biased; Cyprianus Anglicus, or the History of the Life and Death of William
Laud (London, 1668), the chief authority for Laud's private life, from which has been extracted The Doctrine and Discipline of the English Church (Oxford, 1846); Aerius redivivus, or the History of the Presbyterians (1670), a violent arraignment of the Presbyterians; and Historical and Miscellaneous Tracts (London, 1681), containing a life of Heylyn by G. Vernon.
Heynlin Hibbert Lectures