THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Bibliography: The Life prefixed to the tracts (ut sup.) is a composite production, originally by George Vernon, revised without Vernon s knowledge by John Barnard (or Bernard), Heylyn's son-in-law, and re-revised, again without the knowledge of either Vernon or Barnard, by'Thomas Barlow; Vernon then published his Life of Dr. Peter Heylyn, London, 1 6S2, which evoked Barnard's Theologohistoricus, or the True Life of . . Peter Heylyn, ib. 1683 (cf. on these I. Disraeli, Curiosities of Literature, iii. 238, ib. 1849). Consult further: David Lloyd, Memoirs of the Lires . of . . Personages that suffered . for the
Protestant Religion, pp. 525-52S, ib. 1677; John Walker, Sufferings of the Clergy, ii. 190, ib. 1714; A. a Wood, Athenae Oxonienses, ed. P. Bliss, iii. 552-569, 4 vols., London, 1813-20; DXB, xxvi. 319-323.
HEYNLIN, hoin'lin, VON STEIN (DE LAPIDE), JOHANN: German scholastic theologian; b. at Stein (10 m. e.s.e. of Carlsruhe) between 1425 and 1430; d. in a Carthusian monastery at Basel Mar. 12, 1496. He studied at Leipsic (1452); but removed to Paris (1454), where he became licentiate (1455), master (1456), fellow of the Sorbonne (1462), bachelor of theology (1463), and doctor of theology (1472). He then went to Basel, where by his energy and talent for organization he accomplished the victory of realism over nominalism (1464). Returning to Paris (1466), he became rector of the University of Paris (1469) and prior of the Sorbonne (1470). Together with Guillaume Fichet he introduced the art of printing in Paris and took an active part in the suppression of nominalism by the edict of Louis XI. (1473). Later he was prominent as a preacher in Basel (1474-78); he then became professor of theology and rector in the University of Tubingen (147S); but the opposition of the nominalists induced him to leave Tubingen to become rector of the chapter in Baden-Baden (1479). Afterward active as a teacher and reformer of morals in Bern (1480), but unable to attain success, he retired to Basel, first as canon and preacher of the cathedral (1484); but, wearied of the violent struggles with the nominalists, he entered the Carthusian monastery (1487). His commentary on Aristotle was written during his stay in Paris, but not published until many years later by his pupil Amerbach.
Carl Albrecht Bernouilli.
Bibliography: F. Fischer, Johannes Heynlin, Basel, 1851; W Vischer, Geschichte der Universitat Basel, pp. 157-166, ib. 1860; C. von Prantl, Geschichte der Logik, iv. 186 sqq., 299, Leipsic, 1870; H. Denifle and E. Chatelain, Auctarium chartularii universitatis Parisiensis, ii. 903, 907, 913, 916-917, 921, Paris, 1897; A. Claudin, The First Paris Press; an Account of the Books published for G. Fichet and J. Heynlin H70-1472, pp. 35-37, London,
1898.
HEZEKIAH.
Name, Character, and Chronology (§ 1). Rejection and Reassumption of Vassalage to
Assyria (§ 2). Sennacherib's Third Campaign (§ 3). Hezekiah's Later Life and Deeds (§ 4). Hezekiah (Hebr. Hizkiyyahu, Isa. xxxvi. 1 and often; Hizkiyyah, II Kings xviii. 1, 14-16; Yehizkiyyahu, II Kings xx. 10 and often; i. Name, Yehizkiyyah, Hos. i. 1; Assyr. Haza- Character, Mya'u; Gk. Ezekias; Lat. Ezechias) and was twelfth king of Israel, son and Chronology, successor of Ahaz. His dates according to the old chronology are 727-696 B.C.; according to Kohler, 724-696; according to Duncker, 728-697; and according to Wellhausen,
Kamphausen, Meyer, and Stade, 714-686. The difficulty of determining the exact dates arises from the fact that II Kings xviii. 10 states that Samaria fell in the sixth year of Hezekiah's reign, wherefrom it would result that he ascended the throne in the year 728 B.C.; verse 13 states, however, that Sennacherib's campaign against Judea took place in Hezekiah's fourteenth year. The cuneiform inscriptions clearly establish that this campaign occurred in the year 701 B.C.; so, according to these data, Hezekiah began to reign in 715 b.c. According to II Kings xviii. 2, he was twenty-five years old when he ascended the throne, but the text appears to be corrupt and should probably read fifteen instead of twenty-five. He was possessed of energy and courage, was prudent and active, religious in disposition. He is the only king, except Josiah, of whom the Book of Kings says that, like David, he did that which was pleasing to Yahweh (II Kings xviii. 3-4). He not only did away with the high places, but also endeavored to make it a rule that sacrifices should be offered only in the temple on Zion (II Kings xviii. 4; Mic. i. 5). In this way he strove to free the religious observances from those parts which he considered as either antagonizing (asherim and the brazen serpent) or as likely to endanger (high places and Mazzebhoth) the true knowledge and veneration of Yahweh as the holy and supernal God.
It was probably after the violent death of Sargon in 705 B.C., and while his successor, Sennacherib, was occupied by a renewed attempt of 2. Rejec- Merodach-baladan to make himself tion and master of Babylon (see Assyria, VI., Reassump- 3, §§ 12-13), that Hezekiah severed tion of his connection with Assyria. It seems Vassalage that he took a prominent part in the to Assyria, revolt against Babylon, since he took charge of King Padi of Ekronwhen the latter was dethroned and made prisoner on account of his faithfulness to the Great King. He seems also to have been engaged in active negotiations with Egypt (cf. Isa. xxx.-xxxi.). After Sennacherib had subdued Merodach-baladan, he sought, in 701 b.c, to reestablish his sovereignty in the Mediterranean region. The Book of Kings affirms that Hezekiah sent a request for pardon to Sennacherib at Lachish and afterward paid him a heavy tribute. It is then stated in detail in II Kings xviii. 17-19, 35-37, that Sennacherib demanded the surrender of Jerusalem. Hezekiah, however, refused, on Isaiah's assurance that the city would not be captured, and Sennacherib was forced to turn back because the angel of Yahweh destroyed 185,000 of his men.
Sennacherib's description of the results of his
third campaign in the year 701 B.C. (Schrader,
KB, ii. 91 sqq.) narrates the capture
3. Sen- of the Phenician cities, the defeat of
nacherib's Zidka of Ascalon, the conquest of
Third Ekron in spite of the approach of an
Campaign. Egyptian-Ethiopian army of relief,
which was repulsed near Eltekeh, and
lastly his successes against Hezekiah. But thee
successes involve only that Hezekiah was imprisoned
in Jerusalem, was forced to surrender Padi, to send
a heavy tribute to the Great King in Nineveh, and