THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Bibliography: J. G. Wood, Bible Animals, New York, 1883; F. Schwally, in ZATW, viii (1888), 191; E. C. A. Riehm, Handwbrterbuch des biblischen Altertums, pp. 1197- 1202, Bielefeld, 1894; G. llaspe'ro, The Dawn of Civilization, p. 32, London, 1896; idem, The Struggle of the Nations, p. 51, ib. 1899; V. Hehn, Kulturpflanzen und Hausthiere, ed. O. Schrader, Berlin, 1902; DB, ii. 417-418; EB, ii. 2113-16.
HORSLEY, SAMUEL: Bishop of St. Asaph; b. at St. Martin's Place, London, Sept. 15, 1733; d. at Brighton Oct, 4, 1806. He received his early training from his father, and in 1751 entered Trinity Hall, Cambridge (LL.B., 1758). On leaving the university he became curate to his father, rector of Newington Butts, Surrey, and succeeded to the rectory in 1759. In 1768 he went to Oxford as tutor to Lord Guernsey, who secured for him the rectory of Albury, Surrey, in 1774. In 1777 he became domestic chaplain to Robert Lowth, bishop of London, who gave him a prebend at St. Paul's. Later in the year he succeeded his father as lecturer at St. Martin's-in-the-Fields. Lowth presented him to Thorley in 1780, made him archdeacon of St. Albans in 1781, and presented him to the vicarage of South Weald, Essex, in 1782. Horsley was a scientist as well as a theologian, and won his first laurels by his scientific publications. He became a fellow of the Royal Society in 1767 and was one of the secretaries of the Society from 1773 till 1784. In this period falls his edition of Newton's works (5 vols., London, 1779-85). He is now remembered chiefly for his famous controversy with Joseph Priestley. In his History of the Corruptions of Christianity (2 vols., Birmingham, 1782) Priestley had attacked the doctrine of the Trinity. Horsley took up the gauntlet in A Charge to
the Clergy of the Archdeaconry of St. Albans (London, 1783). During the course of the controversy, which lasted till 1790, he published Letters in Reply
to Dr. Priestley (1784) and Remarks upon Dr. Priestley's Second Letter (1786). These, with other writings, were included in Tracts in Controversy with Dr Priestley (Gloucester, 1789). In this dispute Horsley proved more than a match for the eminent scientist and Socinian. For thus stemming the tide of Unitarianism he was rewarded by Lord Chancellor Thurlow with a prebend in Gloucester in 1787, and the see of St. David's in 1788. For his efficient support of the government in the House of Lords he was translated to the see of Rochester in 1793, with which he held the deanery of Westminster. He was translated to St. Asaph in 1802. Horsley was a man of overbearing temper, but a keen reasoner and a remarkable preacher. Other works are Sermons (3 vols., Dundee, 1810-12);- and the posthumous Psalms translated from the Hebrew (2 vols., 1815) and Biblical Criticism on the Old
Testament (4 vols., 1820). All of these are included in his Theological Works (6 vols., London, 1845).
Bibliography: Walter Wilson, History of Dissenting Churches in London, i. 380, London, 1808; J. B. Nichols, Literary Anecdotes, iv. 673 sqq., viii. 509, ib. 1812-14; H. P. Stanley, Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey, p. 474, ib. 1868; J. Stoughton, Religion in England, ib. 1878; J. H. Overton and F. Relton, The English Church 1714-1800, pp. 254-257 et passim, ib. 1906; DNB, xxvii. 383-386 (where further references to sources are given).
HORT, FENTON JOHN ANTHONY: English theologian and Biblical scholar; b. at Dublin Apr.
23, 1828; d. at Cambridge Nov. 30, 1892. He went to school at Rugby, and in 1846 entered the University of Cambridge, where he won a fellowship in 1852. In 1853 he began to prepare, with B. F. Westcott, an edition of the Greek New Testament. In that same year he was entrusted with the description of some Greek manuscripts in the university library; he was appointed examiner, and he founded, with J. E. B. Mayor and J. B. Lightfoot the Journal of Classical and Sacred Philology, that first came out in 1854. In 1856 he was ordained priest, and in 1857 he became vicar of St. Ippolyts cum Great Wymondley, near Cambridge but he felt himself that his sensitiveness and shyness hampered his work there, for all the vigor with which he threw himself into it. He was constantly busy with the edition of the Greek New Testament as well as with other learned tasks, and his health suffered under it all. Cambridge called upon him again and again, especially after 1865. He was four times examiner in moral science, twice examiner in natural science, and in 1871 he gave the Hulsean lectures. He had become in 1868 one of the most important contributors to Smith and Wace's Dictionary of Christian Biography, and in 1870 one of the chief members of the New Testament Revision Company. Every good work in his neighborhood found in him a promoter.
The university finally received him again within its limits, for in 1871 Emmanuel College gave him a fellowship and lectureship for theology, and he moved to Cambridge in Mar., 1872. For six years he lectured in this college. At the same time he was a member of about fifteen boards and committees, two of which, the university library and the university press, demanded much time and strength. In 1876 his Two Dissertations appeared, on Movoyevijc Oeoc and on Eastern creeds. It was in 1878 that he first wrote the rough draft of the introduction to the edition of the Greek New Testament, and in the same year he became Hulsean professor of divinity. The work upon the revision of the English New Testament closed in 1880, but he then had to take up the revision of the Old Testament Apocrypha that busied him up to within a few days before he passed away. On May 12, 1881, the first volume of the great Westcott-Hort New Testament appeared, and on the 17th of the same month the Revised Edition of the English New Testament, on which he had worked for ten years, and on Sept, 4 of the same year the second volume, the Introduction to the Greek Testament (see Bible Text, II., 2, § 8). In 1885 he published a school edition of the Greek Testament, and superintended the issue of the Prolegomena to Tregelles' Greek Testament; and in 1884 he saw to the issue of a Greek Testament by Scrivener, containing the readings of the revisers in 1611 and 1881, and he practically rewrote the preface to it. His extraordinary knowledge of patristic literature enabled him in 1SS< to contribute largely to the clearing up of the history of the Codex Amiatinus. In Oct., 1887, he became Lady Margaret's professor of divinity. But all these detailed references to the outcropping of his learned researches need to be supplemented by a background of a full correspondence with all man-