RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Hopkinsianism Horn
principal churches in Hamburg, S. Schultz, of St. Peter, stood on Mayer's side; the two others, J. Winckler, of St. Michael, and A. Hinckelmann, of St. Catherine, were, like Horb, in favor of Pietism. Schultz and Mayer complained continually of the enthusiasts and " quakers "; by which they meant Winckler and Horb. Two events, however, brought the dispute to open conflict and set the whole city in an uproar. On Mar. 14, 1690, Schultz requested all the clergymen in the city to sign a declaration " not to recognize as brethren all false philosophers, opponents of Scripture, too lax theologians, and other fanatics, especially Jacob Boehme." Winckler, Horb, and others refused to sign. On Dec. 31, 1692, Horb likewise distributed to the servants and children who were sent to him with New Years' gifts a little treatise on the education of children in the true grounds of Christianity. This treatise originated in a circle of French mystics, and contained incautious remarks of which Horb himself did not approve. However, the conflict which now broke out knew no bounds; Mayer set the whole city in a turmoil, especially the artisans. The contest was carried on in sermons, in controversial writings, in meetings of the citizens, even on the streets and in the market-places, but without result. At last, in a very tumultuous meeting, Nov. 24, 1693, Horb was dismissed from his office. As his life was in danger, he fled to Steinbeck, where he died.
Carl Bertheau.
Bibliography: J. Geffcken, Johann Winckler und die hamburgische Kirche seiner Zeit, Hamburg, 1861; J. Moller, Cimbria litterata, ii. 355-372, Copenhagen, 1744; K. J. W Wolters, Hamburg vor 200 Jahren, 161 sqq., Hamburg, 1892; ADB, xiii. 120 sqq.
HORCHE, her'He, HEINRICH: Pietist and separatist; b. at Eschwege (26 m. e.s.e. of Cassel), Hesse-Nassau, Dec. 12, 1652; d. at Kirchhain (8 m. e. of Marburg), Prussia, Aug. 5, 1729. He became deacon at Heidelberg in 1683. He was appointed court preacher at Kreuznach in 1685; became preacher at Heidelberg 1687; and in 1690 pastor and professor at Herborn, whence he was dismissed Feb. 15, 1698.
Horche's dismissal was the signal for an open outbreak of separatism in Hesse and Nassau. He organized private meetings, which were frequented by separatists and chiliasts from far and wide. For ten years he led an unsettled life, vehemently teaching and preaching in various places. Expelled from Nassau for open resistance to the authorities, he betook himself to Hesse, but was put under arrest at Marburg, and after his discharge was again arrested at Cassel for creating disturbances. In 1701 he was allowed to return to Eschwege; and he now endeavored to realize practically the Philadelphian form of society (see Lead, Jane). However, the members of the association, in particular the notorious Eva von Buttlar (q.v.) with her following, being compelled to quit the country, Horche betook himself to Wesel, thence to Holland and England, and he contemplated emigrating to Pennsylvania. His wife being unwilling to follow him, he returned home. From 1703 his mental condition, which had caused apprehension, improved, and from 1708, apart from a brief sojourn at Mar-
burg, he lived quietly at Kirchhain until his death.
Carl Mirbt.
Bibliography: H. Hochhuth, Heinrich Horche und die philadelphischen Gemeinden in Hessen, Giitersloh, 1876.
HOREB. See Sinai.
HORITES. See Canaan, § 9 ; Edom.
HORMISDAS: Pope 514-523. The Campanian Hormisdas ascended the papal throne July 20, 514, and was buried in St. Peter's Aug. 6, 523. After the Lauren tian schism was healed (see Symmachus) , he was chiefly interested in restoring the union with the Greek Church, broken since 484 (see Felix III.), but the refusal of the Emperor Anastasius I. to admit the condemnation of Acacius of Constantinople thwarted the negotiations. The pope did not attend the synod at Heraclea, which therefore adjourned (515). Hormisdas was gratified to have Justin I. and his court patriarch, John, turn to Rome (518) and acknowledge the condemnation of Acacius, thus completing the union (Mar., 519). The pope declared the Theopaschite formula (see Theopaschites), which the emperor wished to see accepted by the Church, useless and dangerous (E-pist., 137). Hormisdas ordered Dionysius Exiguus (q.v.) to finish a translation of the Apostolic Canons, and he also renewed the so-called Decretum Gelasianum (see Gelasitjs I.). His briefs and memorials are found in MPL, lxiii. 367 sqq.; CSEL, xxxv. ; and in A. Thiel, Epistolce Romanorum pontiftcum, pp. 739-1006 (Braunsberg, 1868). G. Kruger.
Bibliography: Liber pontificalis, ed. Duchesne, vol. i., Paris, 1886, ed. Mommsen, in MGH, Gest. pont. Rom., i (1898), 126-132; Jaffe", Regesta, i. 101-109; J. Langen, Geschichte der romischen Kirche, ii. 250-299, Bonn, 1885; G. Schniirer, in Historisches Jahrbuch, x (1889), 258-301; G. Pfeilschifter, Der Ostgotenkonig Theoderich . . und die katholische Kirche, pp. 138-154, Minister, 1896; Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, vol. ii. passim; B. Platina, Lives of the Popes, pp. 118-120, London, n.d.; Milman, Latin Christianity, i. 137 sqq.; Bower, Popes, 310-324.
HORN, EDWARD TRAILL: Lutheran; b. at Easton, Pa., June 10, 1850. He was graduated at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa., in 1869, and the theological seminary of his denomination at Philadelphia in 1872. In the latter year he was ordained to the ministry, and has held successive pastorates at Christ's Church, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia (1872-76), St. John's, Charleston, S. C. (1876-97), and Trinity, Reading, Pa., since 1897 He was president of the Board of Missions of the Southern Lutheran Church from 1888 to 1896, and is a member of the Board of Foreign Missions of the General Council, and vice-president of the American Tract Society. Theologically he holds that the formulas of the ancient creeds are capable of restatement in terms of present-day thought, and that all conclusions of the Church demand continual and repeated revision. He has written The Christian Year (Philadelphia, 1876); Old Matin and Vesper Services of the Lutheran Church (Gettysburg, Pa., 1882); The Evangelical Pastor (1887); Outlines of Liturgies (Philadelphia, 1890) ; Sources of the Common Service (Gettysburg, Pa., 1890); Annotations on St. Paul's Epistles to the Philippians, Colossians, Thessalonians, and to Philemon (New York, 1896; in collaboration with A. G. Voigt); Terms of Communion in a Christian Church (Gettysburg, Pa.,
Horn Horse