THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Legend is by J. G. T. Graesse, Leipsio, 1846, new ed„ Wratislaw, 1890; the Eng. transl. of the Golden Legend by Caxton, with introduction and notes by Eales, was published London, 1SSS, and a sumptuous edition, ed. W. Morris and F. S. Ellis, 3 vols., ib. 1892. The prefaces to the many editions and translations contain biographical and bibliographical material. The standard monographs are: P. Anfossi, M emorie istoriche appartenenti alia vita del . Jacopo da Voragine, Genoa; G. Spotorno, Notizie storico-critico del Giacomo da Varazze, Genoa, 1823;
and V M. Palazza, Vita del . Giacomo da Varazze, Genoa, 1S67. Consult also M. Waresquiel, Le Bienheuerux Jacques de Voragine, Paris, 1902; J. C. Broussole, Preface a la Legend dorsee, Paris, 1907. The Princeton Theological Review for April, 1903, contains an article on the Golden Legend, and for July, 1904, one on "Voragine as a preacher." Consult farther: J. Qu^tif and J. Echard, Scriptores ordinis praedicatorum, i. 454-459, ii. 818, Paris, 1719-21; ASB, Jan., i., pp. xix.-xx.; KL, vi. 1178-82.
JACOBUS, MELANCTHON WILLIAMS: The name of two American divines.
1. Presbyterian pastor and educator; b. at Newark, X. J., Sept. 19, 1816; d. at Allegheny, Pa., Oct. 28. 1876. He was graduated from the College of New Jersey (Princeton) in 1834, and from the Princeton Theological Seminary in 1838. The following year he was instructor in Hebrew at the seminary. In Sept., 1839, he entered upon a pastorate of twelve years at the First Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn. In 1S51 he became professor of Oriental and Biblical literature in the Western Theological Seminary, Allegheny, Pa., and retained this position till his death. He was also pastor of the Central Presbyterian Church, Pittsburg, 1858- 1870. In 1870 he presided, conjointly with Philemon H. Fowler, at the opening of the first General Assembly of the reunited Presbyterian Church, old and new schools. His principal works are Notes on the New Testament (4 vols., 1848-59); Notes on the Book of Genesis (2 vols., 1864-65); and Notes on the Book of Exodus (1874).
Bibliography: Presbyterian Reunion: a Memorial Volume, pp. 530-532, New York, 1871; R. E. Thompson, in American Church History Series, vi. 144, 178, 181, ib. 1895; J. H. Patton, Popular Hist, of the Presbyterian Church, p. 407, ib. 1900.
2. Congregationalist, son of the preceding; b. at Allegheny City, Pa., Dec. 15, 1855. He was graduated from Princeton College in 1877, and from Princeton Theological Seminary in 1881; studied at Gottingen and Berlin (1881-84). He was pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Oxford, Pa. (1884-91), and since 1891 has been professor of New-Testament exegesis and criticism in Hartford Theological Seminary, where he has been dean of the faculty since 1903, and acting president in 1902-03. He was also acting pastor of Center Congregational Church, Hartford, Conn., in 1899-1900, and was Stone lecturer in Princeton Theological Seminary in 1897-98, and lecturer on the New Testament in Mount Holyoke College in 1901 and 1903-04. He has written A Problem in New Testament Criticism (Stone lectures; New York, 1900), and has edited Roman Catholic and Protestant Bibles Compared (New York, 1905); and A Standard Bible Dictionary (1909).
JACOBY, HERMANN KARL JOHANN: German Protestant; b. at Berlin Dec. 30, 1836. He was educated at the University of Berlin and the preachers' seminary at Wittenberg, and after being
a teacher in the gymnasium of Landsberg, deacon at Heldrungen castle, and gymnasial teacher and assistant cathedral preacher at Stendal until 1868, was appointed professor of homiletics in the University of Konigsberg, a position which he still occupies. He has written Zwei evangelische Lebensbilder aus der katholischen Kirche (Bielefeld, 1864); Liturgik der Reformatoren (2 vols., Gotha, 1871-76); Beitriige zur christlichen Erkenntnis (Giitersloh, 1871); Christi Tugenden (Gotha, 1883); Luther's vorreformatorische Predigt (Konigsberg, 1883); Allgemeine Pddagogik auf Grund der christlichen Ethik (Gotha, 1883) ; Der erste Brief des Apostels Johannes (Leipsic, 1891); Neutestamentliche Ethik (Konigsberg, 1899); and Die Evangelien des Markus und Johannes, homiletische Betrachtungen (Leipsic, 1903).
JACOPONE DA TODI, ya"co-po'ne da to'di (properly Jacopo de' Benedetti, Lat. Jacobus de
Benedictis) : Franciscan poet; b. at Life. Todi (24 m. s. of Perugia), c. 1240;
d. at the monastery of Collazone (near Perugia) on Christmas night, 1306. Highly endowed by nature, he won both degrees in law at Bologna, and became respected and prosperous in his profession in his native city. He had a beautiful, noble, and virtuous wife, whose death from the fall of a gallery in a theater in 1268 changed his entire life. He renounced all that had formerly appeared to him great and splendid, gave up his business, divided his property among the poor, and joined the Franciscan tertiaries. To express contempt of the world and self he went to absurd extremes of fanaticism and sought to realize literally the " foolishness " described in I Cor. i. 20-29, so that he received the nickname Jacopone (" silly James "), which he accepted as a badge of honor. In 1278 he sought to enter the Franciscan order, but they would not receive him until he proved the soundness of his mind by a Libellus de mundi contemtu. Becoming a monk did not change his eccentric habits, and those who judged him most mildly pronounced him spiritu ebrius. The conditions of the time drew Jacopone into the storm of political life. His love of truth could not endure the Church's abuses, and many a judgment full of bitter earnestness did he hurl in the days of popes Celestine V. and Boniface VIII. He attacked the latter personally, and, in May, 1297, joined the league of Roman magnates that aimed to bring about the pope's deposition, thereby incurring the ban of the Church. When Boniface VIII. conquered Prceneste, in 1298, Jacopone was imprisoned. After the death of Boniface he was liberated, Dec, 1303. and spent his closing years in the monastery of Collazone.
Jacopone 's literary products include sententious maxims of the sort found in the Liber conformi-
tatum compiled by Bartholomew of
Writings. Pisa, which were gratefully preserved
The Stabat and circulated in the Franciscan order.
Mater. But a much larger circle of devotees
was won by his Italian and Latin lyrics. The Florentine edition by Bonaccorsi (1490) gives 100 Italian poems; the Venetian edition by Tressati (1614) no fewer than 211 satires, odes, penitential