THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
ment was entitled, is one of the most important expressions of the faith of the Eastern Church.
(Rudolf Hofmann.)
Bibliography: A good edition of the Acts is in Harduin, Concilia, xi. 179-272, and a critical edition in E. J. Kimmel, Monumenta fidei ecclesiae occidentalis, Jena, 1850; they are in English in The Acts and Decrees transl. from
the Greek . . containing the Confession . of Cyril Lukar, with Notes by J. N. W . B. Robertson, London, 1899. Consult: W. Gass, Symbolik der griechischen Kirche, pp. 79 sqq., Berlin, 1872; F. Kattenbusch, V ergleichende Konfessionskunde, p. 145, Freiburg, 1890; KL, vi. 1359- 1360.
JERUSALEM, ye-ru'za-lem, JOHANN FRIED- RICH WILHELM: Apologist and theologian; b. at Osnabriick, Hanover, Nov. 22, 1709; d. at Wolfenbuttel (7 m. s. of Brunswick) Sept. 2, 1789. He began the study of theology at Leipsic in 1727, continued his studies in Leyden, and for a time preached in the German church of that city. He was appointed court preacher to Duke Charles of Brunswick in Wolfenbilttel and tutor of his son (1742); in the following year he became provost of the monasteries of the Holy Cross and St. Mgidius, in 1749 abbot of Marienthal, in 1752 abbot of Riddagshausen, and in 1771 vice-president of the consistory of Wolfenbiittel. He founded the Karolinum, an institution of learning in Brunswick, and organized the system of the poor laws. His most important work is Betrachtungen ilber die vornehmsten Wahrheiten der Religion (2 vols., Brunswick, 1768-79), which was translated into many languages and was still used in the beginning of the nineteenth century as a work on apologetics. Jerusalem took also a significant rank as preacher; two collections of his sermons appeared in Brunswick, 1745-53. His son, Karl Wilhelm Jerusalem, was the friend of Goethe who committed suicide at Wetzlar in 1772 and gave occasion for Die Leiden des jungen Werthers. (A. Hatjck.)
Bibliography: An autobiography was printed in his N achgelassene Schriften, Brunswick, 1793. Consult J. M. H. Doring, Die deutschen Kanzelredner des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts, Neustadt, 1830; ADB, xiii. 779; KL, vi. 1365- 1366.
JESSOPP, jes'ep, AUGUSTUS : Church of England ; b. at Cheshunt (13 m. n. of London), Herts, Dec. 20, 1824. He was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge (B.A., 1848), and was ordered deacon in 1848 and ordained priest in 1850. He was curate of Papworth St. Agnes, Cambridgeshire, in 1848-55, master of Helston Grammar School, Cornwall, in 1855-59, headmaster of King Edward VI. 's School, Norwich, in 1859-79, and has been rector of Scarning, Norfolk, since 1879. He has been honorary canon of Norwich, as well as honorary fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, and of Worcester College, Oxford, since 1895, and chaplain in ordinary to the king since 1902. He was select preacher at Oxford in 1896, and has written or edited Donne's Essays in Divinity (London, 1855); Norwich School Sermons (1864); Dissertations on the Fragments of Primitive Liturgies and Confessions of Faith contained in the Writings of the New Testament (1871); Letters of F. Henry Walpole,from the Original Manuscripts at Stonyhurst College (Norwich, 1873); One Generation of a Norfolk House: A Contribution to
Elizabethan History (London, 1876) ; History of the Diocese of Norwich (1884); Autobiography of Roger North (1887); Arcady for Better for Worse (1887); The Coming of the Friars, and Other Historical Essays (1888); The Trials of a Country Parson (1890); Studies of a Recluse (1892); Random Roaming (1893); Simon Ryan the Peterite (1896); Frivola (1896); The Life and Miracles of St. William of Norwich, by Thomas of Monmouth (in collaboration with M. R. James, Cambridge, 1896); John Donne, Sometime Dean of St. Paul's (1897) ; Before the Great Pillage (1901); and William Cecil, Lord Burghley (1904).
JESSUP, jes'up, HENRY HARRIS: Presbyterian; b. at Montrose, Pa., Apr. 19, 1832. He was graduated at Yale in 1851 and Union Theological Seminary in 1855. In the latter year he went to Tripoli, Syria, under the auspices of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, remaining there until 1860, when he went to Beirut, where he has since remained. Since 1870 he has worked under the auspices of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, and has been professor of church history, theology, and homiletics in the Syrian Theological Seminary, Beirut. He was a member of the Turco- American commission on indemnities after the massacres of Oct., 1860-July, 1861. In theology he is Calvinistic according to the Revised Confession of Faith of the Presbyterian Church, and has written Women of the Arabs (New York, 1874); Syrian Home Life (1874); The Mohammedan Missionary Problem (Philadelphia, 1880); and The Life of Kamil (1894). He has in preparation A History of the Syria Mission (2 vols.).
JESUATE, jez'yu-et: A religious order, originally called Clerici apostolici Sa.ncti Hieronymi, founded at Sienna about 1360 by Giovanni Colombini, a wealthy merchant and senator. After living with his wife in continence for some time, he separated entirely from her and placed her in a convent, with his daughters, giving them a portion of his property. The rest he bestowed on the religious and poor and, with his friend Francesco Miani, lived in poverty, caring for the sick and preaching. Expelled from Sienna, he continued his work in Arezzo and elsewhere. In 1367, when Urban V. returned from Avignon to Rome, he was besought by Colombini and his followers to permit them to found an order and to assign them a habit; but this was refused for some months because of a suspicion that the Jesuates were connected with the heretical Fraticelli. This Colombini was able to disprove, and the order was confirmed. After the founder's death (July 31, 1367), Francesco Miani assumed control. The Jesuates devoted themselves chiefly to the care of the sick and to works of mercy, and consisted of lay brothers with minor vows. Their rule was originally a mixture of Benedictine and Franciscan elements, but later was changed to a somewhat modified Augustinian rule. In 1668 the order, which had already been reformed by Paul V. in 1606, became so worldly that it was suppressed by Clement IX. The female branch of the order, founded at Sienna by Caterina Colombini (d. 1387),