THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
1874 and priested in the following year. After being assistant at Christ Church, Baltimore, in 1874-75, he was rector of St. Mark's, Baltimore (1875-79), St. John's, Cincinnati, O. (1879-91), and the Church of the Epiphany, Philadelphia (1891-92). In 1892 he was consecrated bishop coadjutor of Texas, and in the following year, on the death of Bishop Alexander Gregg, became his successor.
KINSOLVING, LUCIEN LEE: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Southern Brazil; b. at Middleburg, Va., May 14, 1862. He studied at the University of Virginia and was graduated from the theological seminary at Alexandria, Va., in 1889. He was ordered deacon and ordained priest in the same year, and from 1889 to 1898 was a missionary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, while in 1899 he was consecrated missionary bishop of Southern Brazil.
KIP, WILLIAM INGRAHAM: Protestant Episcopal bishop of California; b. in New York City Oct. 3, 1811"; d. in San Francisco Apr. 7, 1893. He was educated at Rutgers and Yale (B.A., 1831), the Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary of Virginia (1832-33), and the General Theological Seminary, from which he was graduated in 1835. He was ordered deacon in 1835 and priested in the same year. He was successively rector of St. Peter's, Morristown, N. J. (1835-36), curate of Grace Church, New York City (1836-37), and rector of St. Paul's, Albany, N. Y. (1837-53). In 1853 he was consecrated first missionary bishop of California, and four years later, when California was made a full bishopric, became diocesan. He wrote: The History, Object, and Proper Observation of the Holy Season of Lent (New York, 1843); The Double Witness of the Church (1884); Christmas Holidays at Rome (1845); Early Jesuit Missions in North America (1846); The Early Conflicts of Christianity (1850); The Catacombs of Rome (1854); The Unnoticed Things of Scripture (1868); New York in the Olden Time (1872); Historical Scenes in the old Jesuit Missions (1875); The Church of the Apostles (1877); and The Early Days of my Episcopate (1892); besides many addresses and episcopal charges.
KIPPIS, ANDREW: English non-conformist; b. at Nottingham Mar. 28, 1725; d. in London Oct. 8, 1795. He was prepared for the Presbyterian ministry at Philip Doddridge's academy at Northampton, where he spent the years 1741-46. He was pastor of dissenting congregations at Boston, Lincolnshire, 1746-50; at Dorking, Surrey, 1750-53; and at Westminster, London, 1753-95. From 1767 till 1784 he was classical and philological tutor in the Coward Academy at Hoxton, and was afterward a tutor in the dissenting academy at Hackney. He early abandoned Calvinism for Socinianism, was associated with many charities, and was a voluminous writer. His reputation rests upon his unfinished edition of the Biographia Britannica- (5 vols, and part of vol. vi., London, 1778-95). Other works are: A Vindication of the Protestant Dissenting Ministers (1772); Sermons on Practical Subjects (1791); and lives of Nathaniel Lardner and Philip Doddridge for editions of their works,
Bibliography: Walter Wilson, Hist, and Antiquities of Dissenting Churches, iv. 103-117, 402, London 1814- DNB, xxi. 195-197 (where references to other literature may be found); Julian, Hymnology, p. 625.
KIR, ker: A place-name mentioned II Kings xvi. 9 ; Isa. xxii. 6; and Amos i. 5, ix. 7 as within the Assyrian region and as the dwelling-place of an Aramaic people. Even the early translators did not know its location; the later translators followed J. D. Michaelis in placing it on the river still known as Kur and flowing into the Caspian. But the Assyrian kingdom never included this region. Schrader sought it in South Babylonia. The correct position is given by Winckler as the plain of Jatbur, between the Tigris and the mountains, and bordering on Elam, the land of the Karians mentioned by Arrian (III., viii. 5) near Sittakene. Winckler regards the Kir as a mistake for Kor. That Aramaic peoples were inhabitants of the region appears both from the Bible (II Kings xvi. 9), and from the inscriptions, since Tiglath-Pileser transported Damascans thither. It seems probable that this was the original home of the Arameans, whither they were deported after the manner of Isa. xxxvii. 29. In Amos i. 5 and ix. 7 the word seems to be a later intrusion.
(A. Jeremias.)
Bibliography: H. Winckler, . Alttestamentliche Untersuchungen, ii. 253 sqq., Nachtrag, p. 378, Leipsic, 1892; idem, Altorientalische Forschungen, pp. 178-179, ib. 1894.
KIRCHER, kir'Her, ATHANASIUS: German Jesuit; b. at Geisa (30 m. n.e. of Fulda) May 2, 1602; d. in Rome Nov. 28, 1680. He joined the Society of Jesus at Mainz in 1618, and afterward became teacher of philosophy and mathematics at Wurzburg. On the invasion of the Swedes in 1631 he fled to Avignon, whence he repaired to Rome in 1635. For eight years he taught mathematics at the Collegium Romanum and founded in the college a museum that has preserved his name. He was a scholar of varied attainments and wrote numerous books on mathematics, physics, natural history, philosophy, philology, history, and archeology. While his writings are now antiquated, Kircher is important for his work as a pioneer, particularly in the field of Egyptian hieroglyphics. To be mentioned are: Prodromus Coptus sive Mgyptiacus (Rome, 1636); CEdipus Mgyptiacus (3 vols., 1652- 1655); China illustrata (Amsterdam, 1667);
and Latium (1671).
Bibliography: His autobiography is in A. Langenmantel, Fasciculus epistolarum, A. Kircheri, pp. 65 sqq., Augsburg, 1684; A. and A. de Backer, Bibliotheque des ecrivains de la societe de Jesus, Liege, 1853-61; KL, vii. 716— 717.
KIRCHHOFER, kira'hof-er, MELCHIOR: Swiss church historian; b. at Schaffhausen Jan. 3, 1775; d. at Stein (11 m. e.s.e. of Schaffhausen) Feb. 13, 1853. He studied theology and philosophy at Marburg 1794-96, took orders in 1797, and held various country pastorates till 1808, when he became pastor at Stein, in the canton of Schaffhausen, and remained there till his death. In his works Kirchhofer combined a calm and objective manner of presentation with thoroughness and soundness of investigation. He wrote monographs on Sebastian Hofmeister (Zurich, 1808), Oswald Myconius (1813), Werner Steiner (1818), Berthold Haller (1S2S),