THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
modern conditions in a sympathetic and constructive way." He has written a number of essays, and The Lost Book (Richmond, 1905).
KIRKLAND, JOHN THORNTON : American Congregationalist, son of Samuel Kirkland (q.v.); b. at Herkimer, N. Y., Aug. 17, 1770; d. in Boston Apr. 26, 1840. He studied at Phillips Academy (Andover), and at Harvard College (B.A., 1789), where, while preparing for the ministry, he was tutor in logic and metaphysics 1792-94. He was pastor of the New South Church, Boston, 1794-1810, and president of Harvard College 1810-28. Under his vigorous administration three new buildings were erected and the course of study was greatly extended. He published several sermons, and a Life of Fisher Ames, printed in Ames' Works (Boston, 1809).
Bibliography: A. E. Dunning, Congregationalists in America, pp. 293, 296, New York, 1894; National Cyclopedia of American Biography, vi. 417, ib. 1896.
KIRKLAND, SAMUEL: American missionary to the Iroquois Indians; b. at Norwich, Conn., Dec. 1, 1741; d. at Clinton, N. Y., Feb. 28, 1808. He was graduated at the College of New Jersey (Princeton) in 1765, and on his return from a visit to the Senecas in 1766 was ordained into the Congregational ministry and sent as missionary to the Six Nations. During the Revolution he served as a chaplain in the army. For persuading the Oneidas and Tuscaroras to remain neutral he was rewarded by Congress with a large grant of land in 1785. At the close of the war he resumed his missionary work. In 1791 he conducted a delegation of some forty warriors to Philadelphia to meet Congress and discuss methods of introducing civilization among the tribes; and in 1793 he founded the Hamilton Oneida Academy (now Hamilton College) for the education of American and Indian youth.
Bibliography: S. K. Lothrop, in J. Spark, Library of American Biography, 10 vols., New York, 1848-51; W. B. Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, i. 623-630, ib. 1869.
KIRKPATRICK, ALEXANDER FRANCIS: Church of England; b. at Lewes (50 m. s. of London), Sussex, June 25, 1849. He studied at Trinity College, Cambridge (B.A., 1871), where he was elected fellow in 1871. He was ordered deacon in 1874 and ordained priest in 1875. He was assistant tutor in Trinity College 1871-82 and junior proctor 1881-82, and from the latter year until 1903 was regius professor of Hebrew and canon of Ely. Since 1903 he has been Lady Margaret professor of divinity and honorary canon of Ely. He was university preacher in 1875, 1878, 1882, 1889, 1897, and 1903, Cambridge Whitehall preacher in 1878- 1880, Lady Margaret preacher in 1882 and 1893, and Warburtonian lecturer at Lincoln's Inn in 1886- 1890. He was examining chaplain to the bishop of Winchester 1878-90, the bishop of Rochester 1891-95, and again to the bishop of Winchester 1895-1903, and since 1903 has been examining chaplain to the archbishop of Canterbury. He has also been master of Selwyn College, Cambridge, since 1898, and besides being the general editor of the Old Testament and Apocrypha for the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges, for which series he
has prepared the volumes on I and II Samuel (2 vols., London, 1880-81) and the Psalms (3 vols. 1890-1901), has written The Divine Library of the Old Testament (1891) and The Doctrine of the Prophets (Warburtonian lectures; 1892).
KIRKUS, WILLIAM: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Hull, England, May 9, 1830; d. in Brooklyn,' July 10, 1907. He was educated at Lancashire Independent College, Manchester, and at the University of London (B.A., 1849). He then entered the Congregational ministry, and was assistant minister of Craven Chapel, London 1850-52, minister of St. Thomas Square Chapel, Hackney, London, 1852-68, and of Longsight Chapel, Manchester, 1868-70. From 1870 until 1872 he was headmaster of Broughton High School, Manchester. In 1872 he was admitted to deacon's orders in the Church of England and became curate at Cheatham Hill, Manchester. In the same year he came to the United States, and, being ordained to the priesthood, was curate of Grace Church, New York City, from 1873 to 1875. He was then rector of Christ Church, Baltimore, Md., 1875-76, and rector of St. Michael and All Angels in the same city 1876-92. In 1892 he retired from active parochial work to devote himself to literature. Besides editing The American Literary Churchman (Baltimore) from 1881 to 1885 and writing two novels under the pseudonym of Florence Williamson, he published Christianity, Theoretical and Practical (London, 1854); Miscellaneous Essays (2 vols., 1833-69); Orthodoxy, Scripture, and Reason (1865); and Religion, a Revelation and Rule of Life (New York, 1886).
KIRN, OTTO: German Protestant; b. at Heslach (a suburb of Stuttgart) Jan. 23, 1857. He studied at the theological seminaries of Maulbronn and Blaubeuren and at the University of Tubingen (1875-80; lie. theol., 1886; Ph.D., 1889), and after being lecturer at the theological seminary at Tubingen 1881-84, was deacon at Besigheim, Wurttemberg, until 1889. In 1889 he became privat-docent at the University of Basel, where he was appointed associate professor in 1890 and full professor in 1894. Since 1895 he has been professor of dogmatic theology at the University of Leipsic. He has written Ueber Wesen und Begrundung der religiosen Gewissheit (Basil, 1889); Schleiermacher und die Romantik (1895); Glaube und Geschichte (Leipsic, 1900); Grundriss der evangelischen Dogmatik (1905); Grundriss der theologischen Ethik (1906); and many addresses and sermons.
KIRWAN, WALTER BLAKE: Church of Ireland; b. of Roman Catholic parents at Gort (IS m. s.e. of Galway), County Galway, Ireland, in the year 1754; d. at Mount Pleasant, near Dublin, Oct. 27, 1805. He studied in the Jesuit College of Saint Omer, France; lived at Saint Croix (or Santa Cruz), Lesser Antilles, with a relative who was a large landed proprietor, but ill health caused his return to Europe. He entered the Franciscan order, studied in the College of St. Anthony of Padua, at Louvain, where he became instructor in natural and moral philosophy, and in that city was admitted to the priesthood. From 1778 to* 1785 he was chaplain