THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
KRAFFT, KARL JOHANN FRIEDERICH WIL- HELM: German Reformed, brother of Wilhelm Ludwig Krafft; b. at Cologne Nov. 25, 1814; d. at Elberfeld Mar. 15, 1898. He was educated at the universities of Erlangen, Berlin, and Bonn (1832- 1837), after which he was instructor in religion at the gymnasium at Bonn. He then held brief pastorates at Flamersheim-Grossbiillesheim near Bonn and at the Reformed Church at Htickeswagen near Lennep. In 1S44, however, after a tour of Italy, he accepted a call to Diisseldorf. Here he distinguished himself as an Evangelical preacher, resisted all revolutionary tendencies in the critical years 1848-49, labored earnestly in behalf of both home and foreign missions, taught religion for five years at the Realschule of Diisseldorf, conducted the local school for girls, founded a Protestant hospital, and even found time to take part in the general inspection of churches outside the Rhein province and to engage in literary labors. In 1856 he accepted a call to the newly founded fifth pastorate of the Reformed community at Elberfeld. Except for his field service as chaplain in 1866 and 1870-71, his service here remained unbroken until his retirement on account of ill-health in 1886. Krafft's chief interest lay in the domain of the New Testament, in which he held firmly to the doctrine of inspiration, and of the church history of the Rhein province. His writings comprise: Brief e und Dokumente aus der Zeit der Reformation (in collaboration with W. L. Krafft; Elberfeld, 1876); Riickblick auf die synodale Geschichte des bergischen Landes (1878); Geschichte der beiden Martyrer der evangelischen Kirche, Clarenbach und Fliesteden (1886); and Lebensbild des Kaufmanns Daniel Hermann (1895). (F. Sieffert.)
KRAFFT, WILHELM LUDWIG: German Reformed, brother of the preceding; b. at Cologne Sept. 8, 1821; d. at Bonn Mar. 11, 1898. He was educated at the universities of Bonn (1839-41) and Berlin (1841-43), and in 1844 he made a tour of Greece, Egypt, Nubia, Arabia, Sinai, and Palestine. After further study in Rome he became privatdocent in the Lutheran theological faculty at Bonn in 1846, extraordinary professor in 1850, and full professor in 1859. Here he lectured on the geography of Palestine, and later on church history. In 1863 he was made a member of the theological examining board at Mtinster and later was appointed to the Coblenz consistory. In 1894 he resigned from the consistory, and shortly before his death was relieved from the obligation to lecture. Besides minor contributions he published: Die Topographie Jerusalems (Bonn, 1846) ; Die Kirchengeschichte der germanischen V biker (Berlin, 1854), of which only the first part of the first volume appeared; Brief e und Dokumente aus der Zeit der Reformation (Elberfeld, 1876); and Die deutsche Bibel vor Luther (Bonn, 1883). (F. Sieffert.)
Bibliography: Bonner Zeitung, Jan. 10, 1897.
KRANICH, kra'niH, ANTON: German Roman Catholic; b. at Siissenberg (near Heilsberg, 41 m. s.e. of Konigsberg), East Prussia, Aug. 20, 1852. He studied at the Lyceum of Braunsberg (1875- 1878) and the University of Wurzburg (D.D., 1881),
and after being literal at the Selecta at Wormditt (1882-84) was curate at Elbing (1884-88). He was then sub-director of the seminary for priests at Braunsberg from 1888 to 1891, became privatdocent at the lyceum of the same city in 1889, associate professor of dogmatic theology and auxiliary theological sciences in 1892, and professor of the same subjects in 1894. He has written: Derheilige Basilius in seiner Stellung zum Filioque (Braunsberg, 1882) ; Ueber die Empfdnglichkeit der menschlichen Natur fur die Giiter der ubernatilrUchen Ordnung nach der Lehre des heiligen Augustinus und des heiligen Thomas von Aquin (Paderborn, 1892); Die Asketik in ihrer dogmatischen Grundlage bei Basilius dem Grossen (1896); Ecclesia quibus de causis per se ipsa sit motivum credibilitatis et divinm sum legationis testimonium (Braunsberg, 1898); Kirche und Kirchspiel Reichenberg (1903); and Qua vi ac ratione Clemens Alexandrinus ethnicos ad religionem christianam adducere studuerit (1903).
KRANTZ, krantz, ALBERT: Historian of the fifteenth century; b. at Hamburg c. 1445 or somewhat earlier; d. there Dec. 7, 1517 He was matriculated at Rostock 1463, continued his studies at Cologne, at first being interested in law and then turning to theology and history. After extensive journeys, during which he gathered from different libraries material later utilized in his works on history, he seems to have been appointed professor at the University of Rostock, of which in 1482 be became rector and in 1486 dean of the philosophical faculty. In the same year he was appointed also syndic of the town of Liibeck. He seems to have lived at that time in Liibeck, and it is not certain whether he continued to be active at Rostock. In 1493 he became first lector of theology at the cathedral of Hamburg, and after 1500 he seems to have held also the position of syndic of Hamburg. In 1508 he became dean of the cathedral chapter and twice, in 1508 and 1514, held strict church visitations in his diocese, urging the removal of abuses and a stricter obedience to the laws of the church. In theology Krantz took the standpoint of the older Catholicism, but in some of his views reveals the beginnings of the modern spirit. He approved of Luther's vehement opposition against the abuse of indulgences, but considered the removal of them an undertaking beyond the powers of a monk. A few days before his death, as he lay on his bed, Luther's theses were brought and read to him. He then ejaculated: " Brother, brother, go to thy cell and say 'God be merciful to me.'" From the lectures of Krantz to the clergy of Hamburg Bertold Moller edited Spirantissimum opusculum in officium misse (1506). Krantz edited also Ordo missalis secundum ritum ecclesia Hamburgensis (Strasburg, 1509), but his chief fame rests upon his historical works; he has been called a second Adam of Bremen, although others have reproached him with partizanship and plagiarism; but his writings show great diligence and the method employed in them marks essential progress in historical literature. Their titles are Wandalia seu de Wandalorum vera origine, variis gentibus, mi-
grationibus (Cologne, 1518); Saxonia. De Saxon-