RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Lindsey Lipsius
Protestants, he levied a large army, which he placed under the leadership of Johannes Kemenyi, while Sweden sent him troops led by Dugloss and France supplied him with funds. Despite success at first, Rakoczy found it advisable to open negotiations with his opponents in Oct., 1644. In December Ferdinand won the Turkish government over to his side, and Rakoczy succeeded in inducing Ferdinand to accept his terms, which dealt chiefly with the unrestricted liberty of the Hungarian Church, the treaty being confirmed by Rakoczy at Weissenburg Oct. 20, 1646. By its terms he bound himself to withdraw from the Franco-Swedish alliance, to remove his forces from the imperial domains, and to restore the districts and cities which he had taken. In return, he and his sons received two heritable counties and five for life. The most important portion of the treaty, however, was the granting of religious freedom to the Evangelical Church in Hungary. The unrestricted use of their churches, bells, and burial-places was granted to the Protestants; those who had been compelled to accept Roman Catholicism were to be permitted to return to their former beliefs; pastors and preachers could no longer be expelled from their charges, and those who had been driven out might either be reinstated or replaced by others of their own persuasion. Churches which had been confiscated from the Protestants were to be restored, but this clause, affecting 400 buildings, roused such opposition on the part of the Jesuits that the Protestants were obliged to content themselves with ninety. Supplementary articles in the treaty enacted a fine of 600 florins for violations of its provisions concerning the Protestants. The diet which considered the final details of this treaty, so important for the Protestants of Hungary, did not adjourn until July 17, 1647 (K. Klupfel1\)
Bibliography: I. Katona, Historia critica regum Hungarice, xxii. 232 sqq., 42 vols., Budapest, 1779-1817; J. Dumont, Corps universal diplomatique du droit des gens, vi. 1, pp. 331 sqq., 8 vols., The Hague, 1726-31; J.Mailath, Die Religionswirren in Ungarn, i. 30 sqq., Regensburg, 1845; Geschichte der evangelischen Kirche in Ungarn, pp. 199 sqq., Berlin, 1854; Szilagyi, Actes et documents pour servir a I'histoire de I 'alliance de G. Racoczi avec les Francais el les Suedois, Budapest, 1874; S. Linberger, Geschichte des Evangeliums in Ungarn, pp. 57 sqq., ib. 1880.
LIPPE, lip'pe (LIPPE-DETMOLD) : A principality of northwestern Germany; capital Detmold; area 469 square miles; population (1905) 145,577, of whom 139,127 were Reformed or Lutherans, 5,477 Roman Catholics, and 735 Jews. Lippe became Christian in the time of Charlemagne, and, like other German states, it was dominated throughout the Middle Ages by the papacy. Some of the cities of the principality early accepted the Reformation, particularly Lemgo, which adopted the Brunswick church order in 1533; and in 1538 a church order that had been worked out by two Lutheran clergymen at the instance of the regents of Lippe was accepted by the nobility and the cities. Through the Interim (q.v.) the reform movement suffered a reverse; but in 1571 Count Simon VI. introduced a new church order which recognized as binding the Augsburg Confession and its Apology, the Schmalkald Articles, and Luther's catechism. Later Count Simon went over to the Reformed faith.
Throughout the country and in the cities, with the exception of Lemgo, the Heidelberg catechism now replaced that of Luther; and in 1584 a Reformed church order was introduced. The Reformed Church, which numbers forty-one parishes, now has a modern synodal constitution. The Lutheran Church, with five parishes, is under the state consistory at Detmold, forming a synodal district of its own. The Roman Catholic Church numbers ten congregations, which are under the bishop of Paderborn. There are all together some fifty beneficent institutions in the principality, including the Sophienhaus at Salzuflen, the Rettungshaus at Griinau, and the state Diakonissenanstalt at Detmold. There are gymnasia at Detmold and Lemgo, a Realschule at Salzuflen, and a seminary for teachers at Detmold, as well as several city high schools for girls. There are 126 Evangelical elementary schools, eleven Roman Catholic schools, and ten Jewish schools (F H. Brandes.)
Bibliography; O. Preuss and A. Falkmann, Lippische Regesten, 5 vols., Detmold, 1860 sqq.; H. Clemen, Beitrdge zur Kirchengeschichte in Lippe, Lemgo, 1860; A. Dreves, Geschichte der Kirchen des lippiochen Landes, ib.
1881; A. Falman, Beitrdge zur Geschichte des Filrstentums Lippe, Detmold, 1902; J. Freisen, Staat und katholUche Kirche in Lippe, Stuttgart, 1 906.
LIPSCOMB, lips' cum, ANDREW ADGATE: American Methodist Protestant divine and educator; b. at Georgetown, D. C, Sept. 6, 1816; d. at Athens, Ga., Nov. 24, 1890. He was licensed to preach in 1834, and remained in the ministry till 1849 when failing health compelled him to resign. He then opened an academy for young ladies at Montgomery, Ala. He was president of the Female College at Tuskegee, Ala. (1856-59), chancellor of the University of Georgia (1860-74), and professor of art and criticism in Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. (1874-85). Among his works are: The Social Spirit of Christianity (Philadelphia, 1846); Studies in the Forty Days between Christ's Resurrection and Ascension (Nashville, 1884); and Studies Supplementary to the Studies in the Forty Days between Christ's Resurrection and Ascension (Nashville, 1885) .
LIPSIUS, lip'si-us, FRIEDRICH REINHOLD: German Protestant; b. at Jena Oct. 3, 1873. He was educated at the universities of Leipsic and Jena from 1893 to 1897 (lie. theol., Jena, 1898); was assistant pastor at Weimar (1897-98) ; privatdocent for systematic theology at the university of Jena (1898-1906); became in 1906 pastor of St. Martini-Kirche, Bremen. He has edited R. A. Lipsius' Glauben und Wissen (Berlin, 1897), and has written Vorfragen der systematischen Theologie (Freiburg, 1899) ; Kritik der theologischen Erkenntnis (1904) ; and Die Religion des Monismus (Berlin, 1907).
LIPSIUS, RICHARD ADELBERT: German Protestant theologian; b. at Gera (34 m. s.s.w. of Leipsic) Feb. 14, 1830; d. at Jena Aug. 19, 1892. He descended from a family of Saxon theologians, and received his early education from his grandfather, A. G. W. Lipsius, preacher in Bernstadt, and in the " Thomana " of Leipsic where his father was teacher of religion. In 1848 he entered the University of Leipsic. Though he came successively under the influence of Fichte, Hegel, and Kant, the teachings of Schleiermacher and Rothe and the
Lipsius Litany