THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
itself (1833-36, 1S40-56). He contributed a long series of important articles to periodicals and university publications, the most noteworthy of which was the treatise Ueber das Alter und den Ver/asser, die ursprungliche Form und den wahren Sinn des kirchlichen Friedensspruches " In necessariis unitas, etc." (Gottingen, 1850). Of practical importance, too, were four addresses delivered before the Gottinger Missionsverein between 1840 and 1842, which prepared the way for the founding of the " Seminar fur innere Mission," the very name being taken from the last of them, though used not quite in his sense. (F. Sander.)
Bibliography: Liicke's biography was written by F. Sander, Hanover-Linden, 1891. There are notices by J. Miiller in ZKW , 1855, nos. 16-17; by Redepenning in Protestantische Kirchenzeitung, 1855; and by Ehrenfeuchter, in TJSK, 1855. Indications of further literature are given in Hauck-Herzog, RE, xi. 674.
LUEDEMANN, lu'de-mon, HERMANN KARL: Swiss Protestant; b. at Kiel Sept. 15, 1842. He was educated at the universities of Kiel, Heidelberg, and Berlin from 1861 to 1867 (Ph.D., Kiel, 1870), and in 1872 became privat-docent at the university of his native city (where he also taught in a private school). In 1878 he was appointed associate professor of New-Testament exegesis at the same institution, and since 1884 has been connected with the University of Bern, where he has been professor successively of church history (1884- 1891) and of systematic theology, dogmatics, and philosophy (since 1891). He is an adherent of the liberal school in theology, and has written: Die Anthropologic des Apostel Paulus und ihre Stellung innerhalb seiner Heilslehre (Kiel, 1872); Die " Eidbruchigkeit " unserer neukirchlichen (freisinnigen) Geistlichen (1881); Die neuere Entwicklung der protestantischen Theologie (Bremen, 1884); Reform und Tdufertum in ihrem Verhdltnis zum christlichen Prinzip (Bern, 1896); Individualitdt und Personlichkeit (1900); Was heisst "biblisches Christentum" ? (1905) and Religion und Leben (1908).
LUETGERT, liit'gart, WILHELM: German Protestant; b. at Heiligengrabe (a village near Wittstock, 60 m. n.w. of Berlin), Brandenburg, Apr. 9, 1867. He was educated at the universities of Greifswald and Berlin from 1886 to 1889, and in 1892 became privat-docent for New-Testament exegesis and dogmatic theology at the former institution, where he was appointed associate professor of the same subjects in 1895. In 1901 he went in a similar capacity to Halle, where he was promoted to his present position of full professor in 1902. Besides assisting A. Schlatter since 1904 in editing the Beitrdge zur Forderung der christlichen Theologie, he has written Das Reich Gottes in den synoptischen Evangelien (Gutersloh, 1895); Die johanneische Christologie (1899); Die Liebe im Neuen Testament (Leipsic, 1905); Gottes Sohn und Gottes Geist, Vortrage zur Christologie und zur Lehre vom Geiste Gottes (1905); Im Dienste Gottes. Betrachtungen (Berlin, 1907); Jesus Christus fur unsere Zeit (Hamburg, 1907; in collaboration with several others) ; Freiheitspredigt und Schwarmgeister in Korinth, Ein Beitrag zur Charakteristik der Chris-
tuspartei, and Die Irrlehrer der Pastoralbrife, both in the Beitrdge, ut sup. (1908-09).
LUETKEMANN, lut'ke-man, JOACHIM: German Lutheran theologian; b. at Demmin (28 m. s. of Stralsund), Pomerania, Dec. 15, 1608; d. at Wolfenbiittel (8 m. s. of Brunswick) Oct. 18, 1655. Both his writings and his personality, which combined deep learning with the efficacious inner conviction of Pietism, had no slight influence in the same direction as those of Arndt and Johann M tiller, while his controversy with the orthodox Lutherans as to the humanity of Christ in his death, though without abiding consequences, attracted much attention at the time. He was educated at the universities of Greifswald and Strasburg, afterward traveling through France and Italy and returning to Rostock to pursue his studies there. He became a lecturer in the philosophical faculty there in 1638, and five years later professor of metaphysics and physics. He had already become known as a preacher, and contributed much to the activity of religious life in Rostock. His work there was interrupted by a controversy in which he became engaged with the strict orthodox party in Mecklenburg, whom the duke favored. He put forth in what seemed to them a dangerous form a proposition already enunciated in the Middle Ages. To the concept of humanity, he said, there belongs besides the existence of soul and body the form of their joint existence, their unity; and with the dissolution of this unity in death the manhood of Christ was dissolved. The assertion of its permanence must take away something from the reality of the death of Christ, and thus from the reality of redemption. He attempted to save the belief in the divine-human character of Christ by the theory that the divinity was united not only with the soul but with the body; and when the soul left the body, the Godhead did not leave it, but the true, essential, eternal life still dwelt in the dead body. A vehement strife broke out over this apparent departure from the orthcjj dox doctrine. Liitkemann defended himself in his Dissertatio physico-theologica de vero homine. The orthodox teaching seemed to imply that the body of Christ, as a necessary concomitant with the soul to the unity of human nature, was incorruptible. Two court preachers at Weimar, Coller and Bartholomai, now expressed a doubt of this, and defended Ltitkemann's view from this standpoint. The Rostock theologian Cothmann appeared as a violent opponent of Liitkemann, and used his influence with the duke to have him silenced both as a professor and as a preacher. In spite of the support of clergy and people, he was obliged to leave Rostock. Duke August of Brunswick, however, offered him the position of general superintendent and court preacher, and there he spent his remaining years, drawing up the excellent school ordinance of 1651 and the church order of 1657. He wrote a number of philosophical works, and one of the most popular books among the disciples of Arndt was his Vorschmack der gottlichen Giite (Wolfenbiittel, 1643). (W. Dilthby.)
Bibliography: A Life by Philipp Rethmeyer is prefixed to his Vorschmack in the later editions, e.g., Brunswick, 1740. Consult also: F. A. Tholuck, Akademische Ltben, ii. 109, Hamburg, 1854.