THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
I my cross have taken." Lyte also published Tales in Verse (London, 1826), and an appreciative Memoir of Henry Vaughan, prefixed to Vaughan's Sacred Poems (London, 1847). His daughter edited his Remains (1S50), which consists of poems, sermons, and letters. The poems in this volume were reprinted in Lyte's Miscellaneous Poems (1868).
Bibliography: Besides the Memoir in the Remains, consult: J. Miller, Singers and Songs of the Church, pp. 431- 433, London, 1869; Julian, Hymnology, pp. 706-707.
LYTTELTON, GEORGE, first BARON LYTTEL- TON: English author and statesman; b. at Hagley (6 m. n.e. of Kidderminster), Worcestershire, Jan. 17, 1709; d. there Aug. 22, 1773. He studied at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, but took no degree. He entered parliament in 1735 as member for Okehampton, Devonshire, and continued to represent this borough till 1756, when he was elevated to the peerage. He was lord commissioner of the treasury 1744-54, and chancellor of the exchequer 1755-56. Though he was a good debater, he became prominent in parliament chiefly because of his influential political connection. With Lord Cobham, his uncle, William Pitt, a relation by affinity, and the Grenvilles, his first cousins, Lyttelton formed the powerful political clique
known at first as the " Cobhamites," then, after Lord Cobham's death, as the " Grenville Cousins." He was a liberal patron of literature and enjoyed the friendship of Pope, Thomson, Shenstone, Fielding, and others. His principal works are, Observations on the Conversion and Apostleship of St. Paul (London, 1747; new ed., 1879), which Dr. Johnson characterized as " a treatise to which infidelity has never been able to fabricate a special answer "; Dialogues of the Dead (1760; 4th ed. enlarged, 1765; new ed., 1889); and The History of the Life of Henry II. (4 vols., 1767; 3d ed., 6 vols., 1769-73), a work of much careful research, which has, however, been superseded. His verse, which is inferior to his prose, was chiefly included in Poems (Glasgow, 1773), and in his Poetical Works (London, 1785). His nephew, G. E. Ayscough, collected his Works (London, 1774; 3d. ed., 3 vols., 1776), including both verse and prose. Sir Robert Phillimore edited his Memoirs and Correspondence (2 vols., 1845).
Bibliography: An excellent list of authorities is given at the end of the sketch in DNB, xxxiv. 369-374, and a Life is found in A. Chalmers, Works of the English Poets, vol. xiv., London, 1810. Consult also: E. S. Creasy, Memoirs of Celebrated Etonians, ib. 1876; and the works on the history of the times.
M
MAAS, mas, ANTHONY JOHN: American Jesuit; b. at Bainkhausen, a village of Westphalia, Germany, Aug. 23, 1858. He was educated at the gymnasium of Arnsberg from 1874 to 1877, when he entered the Society of Jesus. He then left Germany for the United States, and after studying at Manresa, N. Y., from 1877 to 1880, studied philosophy at Woodstock College, Woodstock, Md., until 1883. He was then professor of classics at Frederick, Md., for a year, after which he returned to Woodstock and studied theology until 1888. Except for the year 1893-94, spent in Manresa, Spain, he has been connected with Woodstock College since 1885, where he has been professor of Hebrew since 1885, librarian since 1888, professor of Scripture since 1891, prefect of studies since 1897 and president since 1907. In addition to numerous minor contributions, he has written: Life of Jesus Christ according to the Gospel History (St. Louis, 1891); Day in the Temple (ib., 1892); Christ in Type and Prophecy (2 vols., New York, 1893-96); and Commentary on the Gospel of St. Matthew (Boston, 1898), and has prepared the fourth edition of Z. Zitelli Natali's Enchiridion ad sacrarum disciplinarum cultores accomodatum (Baltimore, 1892).
MABILLON, ma"bi"lyen, JEAN : French Roman Catholic; b. at St. Pierremont in Champagne Nov. 23, 1632; d. in Paris Dec. 27, 1707. He entered the Congregation of St. Maur in 1653, and was professed in the following year. After some years spent in different houses of the order, he was at Saint-Denis in 1663, and the next year at the ab-
bey of Saint-Germain-des-Pres in Paris, the literary headquarters of the congregation, where he assisted D'Achery (see Achery, Jean Luc d') in the compilation of the last six volumes of the Spicilegium. In 1667 appeared two folio volumes of the works of St. Bernard, edited from the oldest and best manuscripts, the beginning and the model of the editions of the Fathers which the congregation was to issue thenceforth in rapid succession. Mabillon's most important life-work, however, was the history of the Benedictine order, for which D'Achery had collected a mass of materials. In 1668 appeared the first volume of the Acta sanctorum ordinis sancti Benedicti, relating to the sixth century. After thirtyfour years of work, nine folio volumes had appeared, bringing the work down to 1100, and the material for a tenth was in shape: On this foundation Mabillon began to work at his most mature production, the Annates ordinis sancti Benedicti (6 vols., Paris, 1703-39), of which four volumes had been published before his death; the fifth was published by R. Massuet (1713), and the sixth, to the year 1137, by E. Martene (1739). He won perhaps even greater fame in another department of scholarship, owing to a controversy with the Jesuits, brought on by a dissertation of the Bollandist Papebroch in the second volume of the Acta sanctorum for April (1675). Papebroch set down most of the early documents conveying monastic privileges, and especially the Merovingian archives of Saint- Denis, as forgeries. The Benedictines, in whose possession most of these were, regarded this as an attack on themselves, and Mabillon answered it in